Android 开发之 RecyclerView相关知识

简介

RecyclerView已经出来相当长一段时间了，现在目前开发过程中大部分的列表数据使用的RecyclerView。为什么广泛使用此控件呢，相比ListView的区别在哪里？因为这个控件自身有优化处理，你只需要设置布局填入数据即可，这点比Listview好很多。在布局管理方面，有三种，比listView强太多了。但是也有部分仍旧在使用listview，毕竟listview优化处理好了，简单的数据也是很好的处理的。

RecyclerView涉及到的知识：

1.三种布局管理器：LinearLayoutManager,GridLayoutManager,StaggeredGridLayoutManager；

2.设置item之间的分割线 ItemDecoration；

3.item的添加和删除动画ItemAnimator。

1. 基本用法和三种布局管理器的使用和效果

recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rc_photo);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this,4));//设置布局管理器
recyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());//设置item动画效果
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerGridItemDecoration(this));//设置item的分割线
recyclerView.setAdapter(new FirstAdapter());//设置recyclerview的适配器。

适配器的代码;

    public class FirstAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter{

        @Override
        public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.rcv_item_layout, parent, false);
            MyViewHolder holder=new MyViewHolder(view);
            return holder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, final int position) {
            if(holder instanceof MyViewHolder)
            {
                MyViewHolder mholder= (MyViewHolder) holder;
                mholder.tv.setText("第 "+list.get(position)+" item");
                mholder.tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View view) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"点击了"+position,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });
            }
        }
        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return list.size();
        }
    }
    public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
    {
        public TextView tv;
        public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            tv = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_itemcount);
        }
    }

1）. LinearLayoutManager的使用，效果和listview是一样的，只需要执行下面的代码就可以实现

recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));

2）.GridLayoutManager的使用，效果和GridView效果类似。

recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this,4));//第二个参数是列数

3）.StaggeredGridLayoutManager的使用

recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(4,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));//第一个是列数，第二个是方向

2. 各个布局管理器的分割线的适配

1）.线性布局管理器LinearLayoutManager。系统的分割线如下

DividerItemDecoration dividerItemDecoration = new DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL);
qRecycleView.addItemDecoration(dividerItemDecoration);

这是系统的分割线，但是如果不满意，想自己定义的话也是可以实现的。 DividerItemDecoration 该实现类可以看到通过读取系统主题中的 Android.R.attr.listDivider作为Item间的分割线

先定义一个shape

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <gradient android:startColor="#F00"
        android:endColor="#0F0"
        android:centerColor="#00f"
        android:type="linear">
    </gradient>
    <size android:height="4px">
    </size>
</shape>

在把这个shape设置到主题中

<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
        
        <item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/shape_itemdecoration</item>
    </style>

2）.但是自定义的这种不能使用到GridLayoutManager上，为了适配，我们必须重写android的 DividerItemDecoration这个类，动态的区划item的边界

package com.zwg.xjkb.view;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.LayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.State;
import android.support.v7.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;
import android.view.View;

public class DividerGridItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration
{

    private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[] { android.R.attr.listDivider };
    private Drawable mDivider;

    public DividerGridItemDecoration(Context context)
    {
        final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
        mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
        a.recycle();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state)
    {

        drawHorizontal(c, parent);
        drawVertical(c, parent);

    }

    private int getSpanCount(RecyclerView parent)
    {
        // 列数
        int spanCount = -1;
        LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
        if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager)
        {

            spanCount = ((GridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getSpanCount();
        } else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager)
        {
            spanCount = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager)
                    .getSpanCount();
        }
        return spanCount;
    }

    public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent)
    {
        int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++)
        {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int left = child.getLeft() - params.leftMargin;
            final int right = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin
                    + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();
            final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
            final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent)
    {
        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++)
        {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);

            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int top = child.getTop() - params.topMargin;
            final int bottom = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
            final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
            final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();

            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    private boolean isLastColum(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount,
                                int childCount)
    {
        LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
        if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager)
        {
            if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)// 如果是最后一列，则不需要绘制右边
            {
                return true;
            }
        } else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager)
        {
            int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager)
                    .getOrientation();
            if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL)
            {
                if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)// 如果是最后一列，则不需要绘制右边
                {
                    return true;
                }
            } else
            {
                childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
                if (pos >= childCount)// 如果是最后一列，则不需要绘制右边
                    return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private boolean isLastRaw(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount,
                              int childCount)
    {
        LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
        if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager)
        {
            childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
            if (pos >= childCount)// 如果是最后一行，则不需要绘制底部
                return true;
        } else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager)
        {
            int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager)
                    .getOrientation();
            // StaggeredGridLayoutManager 且纵向滚动
            if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL)
            {
                childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
                // 如果是最后一行，则不需要绘制底部
                if (pos >= childCount)
                    return true;
            } else
            // StaggeredGridLayoutManager 且横向滚动
            {
                // 如果是最后一行，则不需要绘制底部
                if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition,
                               RecyclerView parent)
    {
        int spanCount = getSpanCount(parent);
        int childCount = parent.getAdapter().getItemCount();
        if (isLastRaw(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount))// 如果是最后一行，则不需要绘制底部
        {
            outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
        } else if (isLastColum(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount))// 如果是最后一列，则不需要绘制右边
        {
            outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
        } else
        {
            outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(),
                    mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
        }
    }
}

在这里要给上面写的shape中size节点添加一个width属性，不然无法显示，android:width="4dp"。

3.item的动画效果。

ItemAnimator也是一个抽象类，好在系统为我们提供了一种默认的实现类，期待系统多添加些默认的实现。

// 设置item动画，这个系统的动画效果。
mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());

在adapter编写这两个方法

public void addData(int position) {
        mDatas.add(position, "Insert One");
        notifyItemInserted(position);
    }

    public void removeData(int position) {
            mDatas.remove(position);
        notifyItemRemoved(position);
    }

在Activity中添加两个menu

@Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
    {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
    {
        switch (item.getItemId())
        {
        case R.id.id_action_add:
            mAdapter.addData(1);
            break;
        case R.id.id_action_delete:
            mAdapter.removeData(1);
            break;
        }
        return true;
    }

系统动画效果还可以，要想更多了动画效果，自己可以搜索。

到此这个控件的基本使用已经完全可以搞定了。