Android Audio System

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/droidphone/article/details/5941344

引子

Android Framework的音频子系统中，每一个音频流对应着一个AudioTrack类的一个实例，每个AudioTrack会在创建时注册到AudioFlinger中，由AudioFlinger把所有的AudioTrack进行混合（Mixer），然后输送到AudioHardware中进行播放，

代码分析：

1. Framework 或者JAVA层通过JNI，new AudioTrack();

    这里具体分析StagefrightPlayer 中Audio的功能实现；

MediaPlayerService.cpp

status_tMediaPlayerService::Client::setDataSource(..){
    ...
    //创建class StagefrightPlayer : publicMediaPlayerInterface
    sp<MediaPlayerBase> p = createPlayer(playerType); 
    
    if (p == NULL) return NO_INIT;
    if (!p->hardwareOutput()) {
           //class AudioOutput : publicMediaPlayerBase::AudioSink 对AudioTrack的方法进行封装
           mAudioOutput = new AudioOutput();
           //StagefrightPlayer关联AudioOutput
           static_cast<MediaPlayerInterface*>(p.get())->setAudioSink(mAudioOutput);
       }
}

AwesomePlayer.cpp

status_t AwesomePlayer::play_l() {
    .....
    mAudioPlayer = new AudioPlayer(mAudioSink);
}

AudioPlayer.cpp

status_t AudioPlayer::start(boolsourceAlreadyStarted) {
    ......
    //如果关联AudioOutput,就用AudioSink对AudioTrack的封装，否则就用AudioTrack的实现
    if (mAudioSink.get() != NULL) {
        status_t err = mAudioSink->open(mSampleRate, numChannels,AudioSystem::PCM_16_BIT,DEFAULT_AUDIOSINK_BUFFERCOUNT,&AudioPlayer::AudioSinkCallback, this);
    } else {
        mAudioTrack =newAudioTrack(AudioSystem::MUSIC, mSampleRate, AudioSystem::PCM_16_BIT,(numChannels == 2)?AudioSystem::CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO:AudioSystem::CHANNEL_OUT_MONO,0, 0, &AudioCallback, this, 0);
......
    }
}

2.建立AudioTrack与AudioFlinger关联,  AudioTrack::set();

a. AudioFlinger根据StreamType打开不同硬件设备,并为该输出设备创建混音线程： MixerThread()，并把该线程的id作为getOutput()的返回值返回给AudioTrack;

AudioFlinger::AudioFlinger()
{......
    mAudioHardware = AudioHardwareInterface::create();
}
int AudioFlinger::openOutput(...)
{
    AudioStreamOut *output = mAudioHardware->openOutputStream.......
    thread = new MixerThread(this, output, ++mNextThreadId);
    mPlaybackThreads.add(mNextThreadId, thread);...
    return mNextThreadId;
}

b.AudioTrack通过binder机制调用AudioFlinger的createTrack();通过IAudioTrack关联AudioFlinger，通过AudioFlinger分配的FIFO，实现音频数据的读写。

AudioTrack通过IAudioTrack接口控制该音轨的状态，例如start,stop,pause等等；

audio_track_cblk_t这个结构是FIFO实现的关键，该结构是在createTrack的时候，由AudioFlinger申请相应的内存，然后通过IMemory接口返回AudioTrack的，这样AudioTrack和AudioFlinger管理着同一个audio_track_cblk_t，通过它实现了环形FIFO，AudioTrack向FIFO中写入音频数据，AudioFlinger从FIFO中读取音频数据，经Mixer后送给AudioHardware进行播放。

status_t AudioTrack::createTrack(...) {
    const sp<IAudioFlinger>& audioFlinger =AudioSystem::get_audio_flinger();
    sp<IAudioTrack> track = audioFlinger->createTrack(getpid(),.....);
    mAudioTrack = track;//关联
    mCblk = static_cast<audio_track_cblk_t*>(cblk->pointer());//计算出AudioFlinger分配的buffer，参考TrackBase;
    mCblk->buffers = (char*)mCblk + sizeof(audio_track_cblk_t);
}

//AudioFlinger创建一个用于控制的TrackHandle，并以IAudioTrack这一接口作为createTrack()的返回值；
sp<IAudioTrack>AudioFlinger::createTrack(...) {
    sp<PlaybackThread::Track> track = thread->createTrack_l(client,streamType, sampleRate, format,channelCount, frameCount,sharedBuffer, &lStatus);
    //track = new Track....
    sp<TrackHandle> trackHandle= new TrackHandle(track);//class TrackHandle : publicandroid::BnAudioTrack classBnAudioTrack : public BnInterface<IAudioTrack>
    ....
    return trackHandle;
}

在createTrack的过程中，AudioFlinger会根据传入的frameCount参数，申请一块内存，AudioTrack可以通过IAudioTrack接口的getCblk()函数获得指向该内存块的IMemory接口，然后AudioTrack通过该IMemory接口的pointer()函数获得指向该内存块的指针，这块内存的开始部分就是audio_track_cblk_t结构，紧接着是大小为frameSize的FIFO内存。

IMemory->pointer() ---->|_______________________________________________________

                                     |__audio_track_cblk_t__|_______buffer of FIFO(size==frameCount)____|

// AudioFlinger根据AudioTrack的属性分配buffer； class Track : public TrackBase
AudioFlinger::ThreadBase::TrackBase::TrackBase(..) {
    size = sizeof(audio_track_cblk_t) + frameCount*channelCount*sizeof(int16_t);
    sp<IMemory> mCblkMemory = client->heap()->allocate(size);
    audio_track_cblk_t* mCblk = static_cast<audio_track_cblk_t*>(mCblkMemory->pointer());
    // construct the shared structure in-place.
    new(mCblk) audio_track_cblk_t();
}

c.监控线程监控事件的发生，并通过audioCallback回调函数与用户程序进行交互mAudioTrackThread = newAudioTrackThread(*this, threadCanCallJava);