Hystrix服务降级，服务熔断，服务限流

pom文件

    <dependencies>
        <!--hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

Hystrix的三个重要的功能

1服务降级

在服务被调用的时候，难免发生意外情况，服务的调用失败，或者调用时间过长这个时候需要返回一个假数据给调用方，返回友好的数据。

用法1：
在需要降级的方法上加上@HystrixCommand注解，和兜底方法，当方法报错或者超时的时候就将兜底方法的返回值返回给调用方。

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "5000")//设置最大等待时间，超过就兜底

    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
        //int i=10/0;//报异常，降级
            try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);//超过了，降级
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_TimeOut,id"+id+"\t"+"耗时3s";
        /**
        *
        *这个是兜底方法
        */
  public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "id 不能负数，请稍后再试，/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~   id: " +id;
    }
    }

方法2
在类上加@DefaultProperties，定义一个全局的兜底方法

@RestController
@Slf4j
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
        @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "1500")
})
public class OrderHystrixController {
    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_ok(id);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    /*@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "50000")//设置最大等待时间，超过就兜底
    })*/
    @HystrixCommand
    public String paymentInfo_timeout(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_timeOut(id);
        return result;
    }
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "我为80paymentInfo_timeout兜底";
    }

    /**
     * 全局兜底
     */
    public String  payment_Global_FallbackMethod(){
        return "我是80全局兜底";
    }
}

方法3
@FeignClient注解，使用接口映射服务提供者的方法，同时指定各个方法的fallback方法

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)//PaymentFallbackService吧服务降级包圆
public interface PaymentHystrixService {
    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_timeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements  PaymentHystrixService{
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_ok(Integer id) {
        return "来自80包圆：paymentInfo_ok兜底";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_timeOut(Integer id) {
        return "来自80包圆：paymentInfo_timeOut兜底";
    }
}

2，服务熔断

在一定的时间内，请求的失败率达到多少判定需要熔断，走兜底方法
短期以内时间无法访问，过一会后，进入半开状态，尝试正常处理请求，如果成功率较高就关闭熔断状态正常访问，否则继续熔断状态

用法：

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"),// 是否开启断路器
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"),// 请求次数
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"), // 时间窗口期
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"),// 失败(走了兜底就是失败)率达到多少后跳闸（还是走兜底）
})
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        if(id < 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("******id 不能负数");
        }
        String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();

        return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功，流水号: " + serialNumber;
	}        
        //
        //
        //

   
 public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "熔断了，id: " +id;
    }

3，服务限流