1. output a. string b. %=>like printf
2. str(make a string) or repr(convert for interpreter)
'the value is x = ' + repr(x) + 'the value is y = ' + repr(y)
The repr() of a string adds string quotes and backslashes
The argument to repr() may be any Python object:
hello = 'hello,world\n'
hellos = repr(hello)
print hellos
import string
for x in range(1,11):
print string.rjust(repr(x),2),string.rjust(repr(x*x),3),
print string.rjust(repr(x*x*x),5) # similar function ljust(),center()
string.zfill('123',5) #00123
string.zfill('-123',5) #-00123
print '%5.3s'%math.pi # comma take one position
print 'jack:%(jack)d;Sjoerd:%(addf)d;Dcab:%(Dcab)d'%table # return a locally dictionary
3. f = open('path','w') # w only write, r only write, r+ read and write, a write at the end
print f
f.read(size)
f.readline()
f.readlines() # return a list
f.write(string)
f = open('path','r+')
f.write('0123456789')
f.seek(5) # go to 6th byte in the file
f.read(1) # read one element
f.tell() # the index
f.seek(offset,from_what) 0 begin,1current,2 end,default is 0
f.close()
4. pickle module
pickling object pickle.dump(x,f)
unpickling object x = pickle.load(f)