Ubuntu 16.04 安装Python 3.6.1及pip3

由于 Ubuntu 16.04自带了python2.7以及python3.5.2，但是有一些情况下（比如安装一些模块时，提示说需要python3.5.3以上），所以本文章主要是教你怎样在保留 Ubuntu 16.04里的python2.7以及python3.5.2下，安装python3.6.1以及使用pip3(关联到python3.6.1)。

到官网下载Python安装包 
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz 

解压编译，出现错误

$  tar -xzvf ./ar - Python-3.6.1.tgz
$ cd ./Python-3.6.1
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install


File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/runpy.py", line 193, in_run_module_as_main
"__main__",mod_spec)
File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/runpy.py", line 85, in_run_code
exec(code,run_globals)
File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py",line 4, in <module>
ensurepip._main()
File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py",line 189, in _main
default_pip=args.default_pip,
File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py",line 102, in bootstrap
_run_pip(args +[p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py",line 27, in _run_pip
import pip
zipimport.ZipImportError:can't decompress data; zlib not available
Makefile:1064:recipe for target 'install' failed
make: *** [install]Error 1

1.使用vim修改Setup

vim基本使用：ctrl+f向后反页，ctrl+b向前反页，方向键移动光标，光标移动到指定位置按X（大写）删除字符，：wq（直接键盘输入：wq三个字符）保存并退出

lanhaixuan@lanhaixuan-M511:~/Python-3.6.1$vim ./Modules/Setup

• 1

2. #zlibzlibmodule.c -I(prefix)/include−L(prefix)/include−L(exec_prefix)/lib -lz注释取消

# Andrew Kuchling'szlib module.
# This require zlib1.1.3 (or later).
# Seehttp://www.gzip.org/zlib/
zlib zlibmodule.c-I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz

# Interface to theExpat XML parser

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
•  

3 .#eadlinereadline.c -lreadline -ltermcap注释取消解决乱码问题

# and you may haveto change -ltermcap to -ltermlib or perhaps remove
# it, depending onyour system -- see the GNU readline instructions.
# It's okay for thisto be a shared library, too.

readline readline.c-lreadline -ltermcap

# Modules thatshould always be present (non UNIX dependent):

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7

4. 安装zlib 
到zlib官网下载压缩包 
http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz 
解压进入安装包编译

$ tar -xzvf ./zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
$ cd ./zlib-1.2.11
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

5 .安装ssl 
到openssl官网下载压缩包 
http://www.openssl.org/source/**

解压进入安装包编译 
我这里下载的是openssl-1.0.2l.tar.gz

$ tar -xzvf ./openssl-1.0.2l.tar.gz
$ cd ./openssl-1.0.2l
$ ./config
$ make
$ sudo make install

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

6. 重新编译Python3.6.1

$ cd ./Python-3.6.1
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

7. 安装成功，出现以下提示（如果出现错误，仔细看提示是否是让你修改./Modules/Setup里的readline那行，回去把#记上就好）

Collectingsetuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collectedpackages: setuptools, pip
Successfullyinstalled pip-9.0.1 setuptools-28.8.0

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

8. 检测

lanhaixuan@lanhaixuan-M511:~$python3.6 -V
Python 3.6.1
lanhaixuan@lanhaixuan-M511:~$pip3 -V
pip 9.0.1 from/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

9. 建立软标签

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/python3

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

注意：最版版本python3.6.3也同样适用，在make python安装包时可以查看哪些重要的文件没有安装，例如：

n build finished successfully!
The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found:
_bz2                  _curses               _curses_panel      
_dbm                  _gdbm                 _lzma              
_tkinter                                                       
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

The following modules found by detect_modules() in setup.py, have been
built by the Makefile instead, as configured by the Setup files:
_socket               _ssl                  atexit             
pwd                   readline              time               
zlib 

原创博客：
https://blog.csdn.net/lanhaixuanvv/article/details/78248338

$ tar -xzvf ./Python-3.6.1.tgz$ cd ./Python-3.6.1$ ./configure$ make$ sudo make installFile"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/runpy.py", line 193, in_run_module_as_main"__main__",mod_spec)File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/runpy.py", line 85, in_run_codeexec(code,run_globals)File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py",line 4, in <module>ensurepip._main()File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py",line 189, in _maindefault_pip=args.default_pip,File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py",line 102, in bootstrap_run_pip(args +[p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)File"/home/lanhaixuan/Python-3.6.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py",line 27, in _run_pipimport pipzipimport.ZipImportError:can't decompress data; zlib not availableMakefile:1064:recipe for target 'install' failedmake: *** [install]Error 1