error: const std::string message = "Hello" + ", world" + exclam;

这是我在学《Accelerated C++》时遇到的问题。

error


:


 invalid operands of types 


`


const


 


char


[


6


]


' and `const char[8]'


 to binary 


`


operator


+


'











程序是：













#include


 


<iostream>













int


 main


()









{






    


const


 std


::


string exclam 


=


 


"!"


;






    


const


 std


::


string message 


=


 


"Hello"


 


+


 


", world"


 


+


 exclam


;






    std


::


cout 


<<


 message


;






    


return


 


0


;









}







出错原因是（引自http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2329461/help-a-beginner-with-a-c-hello-world）：

Because in C++, string literals (like "Hello" are not of type std::string . They are plain char arrays, or C-style strings.

So for the line const std::string message = "Hello" + ", world" + exclam; ,the types the compiler has to work with are:

const std::string message = const char[6] + const char[8] + std::string;

and given the associativity of + , the operations it has to perform are:

const std::string message = ((const char[6] + const char[8]) + std::string);

That is, the left-most addition must be evaluated first, and the result passed to the rightmost addition.

So the compiler tries to evaluate const char[6] + const char[8] . There is no addition defined for arrays. Arrays are implicitly converted to pointers, but this doesn't help the compiler. That just means it ends up with const char* + const char* , and no addition is defined for pointers either.

At this point, it doesn't know that you want the result to be converted to a std::string .

However, in your second example:

const


 std


::


string hello 


=


 


"Hello"


;









const


 std


::


string message 


=


 hello 


+


 


", world"


 


+


 


"!"


;

it works, because the operations the compiler would see were std::string + const char[8] + const char[2] . Here, the first addition can be converted to std::string + const char* , and here the addition operator is defined, and returns a std::string . So the compiler has successfully figured out the first addition, and since the result was a string, the second addition looks like this: std::string + const char[2] , and like before, this isn't possible, but the array can be converted to a pointer, and then the compiler is able to find an addition operator that works, again resulting in a std::string .