Python真的需要去实现单例模式吗?——不需要。
因为,python有模块(module),最pythonic的单例典范。模块在一个应用程序中只有一份,本身就是单例的,将你所需要的属性和方法,直接暴露在模块中变成模块的全局变量和方法即可!
# some module.py
class SingletonClass:
pass
# 在别处我们想用这个实例都直接使用 module.single_instance 这个实例就好。
# 这是最简单也是最直观的一种方式,嗯,直接导入这个实例用,而不是导入class,简单粗暴
single_instance = SingletonClass()
其它实现:
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6760685/creating-a-singleton-in-python
class BaseClass:
pass
# 装饰器实现
def singleton(class_):
instances = {}
def getinstance(*args, **kwargs):
if class_ not in instances:
instances[class_] = class_(*args, **kwargs)
return instances[class_]
return getinstance
@singleton
class MyClass(BaseClass):
pass
class Singleton(object):
_instance = None
def __new__(class_, *args, **kwargs):
if not isinstance(class_._instance, class_):
class_._instance = object.__new__(class_, *args, **kwargs)
return class_._instance
class MyClass(Singleton, BaseClass):
pass
# 元类实现
class Singleton(type):
_instances = {}
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls not in cls._instances:
cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
return cls._instances[cls]
# Python2
class MyClass(BaseClass):
__metaclass__ = Singleton
# Python3
class MyClass(BaseClass, metaclass=Singleton):
pass