参考:
http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/50709663
一、概述
对于6.0以下的权限及在安装的时候,根据权限声明产生一个权限列表,用户只有在同意之后才能完成app的安装,造成了我们想要使用某个app,就要默默忍受其一些不必要的权限(比如是个app都要访问通讯录、短信等)。而在6.0以后,我们可以直接安装,当app需要我们授予不恰当的权限的时候,我们可以予以拒绝(比如:单机的象棋对战,请求访问任何权限,我都是不同意的)。当然你也可以在设置界面对每个app的权限进行查看,以及对单个权限进行授权或者解除授权。
新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私,Google将权限分为两类,一类是Normal Permissions,这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私,是不需要用户进行授权的,比如手机震动、访问网络等;另一类是Dangerous Permission,一般是涉及到用户隐私的,需要用户进行授权,比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。
Normal Permissions如下:
ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_ALARM
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
Dangerous Permissions:
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
分组对我们的权限机制有什么影响吗?
的确是有影响的,如果app运行在Android 6.x的机器上,对于授权机制是这样的。如果你申请某个危险的权限,假设你的app早已被用户授权了同一组的某个危险权限,那么系统会立即授权,而不需要用户去点击授权。比如你的app对READ_CONTACTS已经授权了,当你的app申请WRITE_CONTACTS时,系统会直接授权通过。此外,对于申请时弹出的dialog上面的文本说明也是对整个权限组的说明,而不是单个权限(ps:这个dialog是不能进行定制的)。
不过需要注意的是,不要对权限组过多的依赖,尽可能对每个危险权限都进行正常流程的申请,因为在后期的版本中这个权限组可能会产生变化。
二、动态申请步骤
在AndroidManifest文件中添加需要的权限。这个步骤和我们之前的开发并没有什么变化,试图去申请一个没有声明的权限可能会导致程序崩溃。
检查权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
}else{
//
}
这里涉及到一个API,ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission,主要用于检测某个权限是否已经被授予,方法返回值为PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED或者PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED。当返回DENIED就需要进行申请授权了。
3. 申请授权
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
该方法是异步的,第一个参数是Context;第二个参数是需要申请的权限的字符串数组;第三个参数为requestCode,主要用于回调的时候检测。可以从方法名requestPermissions以及第二个参数看出,是支持一次性申请多个权限的,系统会通过对话框逐一询问用户是否授权。
4. 处理权限申请回调
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
// If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// permission was granted, yay! Do the
// contacts-related task you need to do.
} else {
// permission denied, boo! Disable the
// functionality that depends on this permission.
}
return;
}
}
}
ok,对于权限的申请结果,首先验证requestCode定位到你的申请,然后验证grantResults对应于申请的结果,这里的数组对应于申请时的第二个权限字符串数组。如果你同时申请两个权限,那么grantResults的length就为2,分别记录你两个权限的申请结果。如果申请成功,就可以做你的事情了~
三、样例
以下是读取短信的样例
package com.sdu.zeng.testpermission;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "FragmentDecrypt";
ListView listview_message_in_phone = null;
List<Map<String,String>> list = new ArrayList<>();
SimpleAdapter simpleAdapter = null;
private static final String SMS_URI_INBOX = "content://sms/inbox";
private static final int MY_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 10000;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initLayout();
checkPermission();
}
private void initLayout() {
listview_message_in_phone = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview_message_in_phone);
simpleAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,list, R.layout.item_message_in_phone,
new String[]{"msg_name","msg_date","msg_body"},
new int[]{R.id.textview_msg_name,R.id.textview_msg_date,R.id.textview_msg_body});
listview_message_in_phone.setAdapter(simpleAdapter);
}
private List<Map<String,String>> getData(){
list.clear();
String[] projection = new String[] { "_id", "address", "person","body", "date", "type" };
ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse(SMS_URI_INBOX);
Cursor cursor = cr.query(uri, projection, null, null, "date desc");
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
// -----------------------信息----------------
int nameColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex("person");// 联系人姓名列表序号
int phoneNumberColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex("address");// 手机号
int smsbodyColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex("body");// 短信内容
int dateColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex("date");// 日期
int typeColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex("type");// 收发类型 1表示接受 2表示发送
String nameId = cursor.getString(nameColumn);
String phoneNumber = cursor.getString(phoneNumberColumn);
String smsbody = cursor.getString(smsbodyColumn);
Date d = new Date(Long.parseLong(cursor.getString(dateColumn)));
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd " + "\n" + "hh:mm:ss");
String date = dateFormat.format(d);
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("msg_name", phoneNumber);
map.put("msg_body", smsbody);
map.put("msg_date", date);
list.add(map);
}
return list;
}
public void checkPermission() {
/**
* 第 1 步: 检查是否有相应的权限
*/
boolean isAllGranted = checkPermissionAllGranted(
new String[] {
Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS,
Manifest.permission.READ_SMS,
Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS,
// Manifest.permission.CAMERA
}
);
// 如果这3个权限全都拥有, 则直接执行读取短信代码
if (isAllGranted) {
getData();
simpleAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
toast("所有权限已经授权!");
return;
}
/**
* 第 2 步: 请求权限
*/
// 一次请求多个权限, 如果其他有权限是已经授予的将会自动忽略掉
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
this,
new String[] {
Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS,
Manifest.permission.READ_SMS,
Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS,
// Manifest.permission.CAMERA
},
MY_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE
);
}
/**
* 检查是否拥有指定的所有权限
*/
private boolean checkPermissionAllGranted(String[] permissions) {
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// 只要有一个权限没有被授予, 则直接返回 false
toast("检查权限");
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 第 3 步: 申请权限结果返回处理
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == MY_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
boolean isAllGranted = true;
// 判断是否所有的权限都已经授予了
for (int grant : grantResults) {
if (grant != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
isAllGranted = false;
break;
}
}
if (isAllGranted) {
// 如果所有的权限都授予了, 则执行读取短信代码
getData();
simpleAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
} else {
// 弹出对话框告诉用户需要权限的原因, 并引导用户去应用权限管理中手动打开权限按钮
// openAppDetails();
toast("需要授权!");
}
}
}
public void toast(String content){
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),content,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
manifest
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/>