设计复数类

复数的格式：a + bi  

第一种方式：

using namespace std;
 
class Complex{
public:
	double real;
	double imaginary;
public:
	Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
	Complex(const Complex& c);
	~Complex();
	void show(void);
};
 
Complex::Complex(double r,double i){//带默认参数，不填写参数就调用默认参
	real = r;
	imaginary = i;
}
 
Complex::Complex(const Complex& c) {
	real = c.real;
	imaginary = c.imaginary;
}
 
Complex::~Complex(void) {
	cout << "析构完成" << endl;
}
 
void Complex::show(void) {
	cout << real << "+" << imaginary << "i" << endl;
}
 
Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
	Complex x;	 
	x.real = c1.real + c2.real;
	x.imaginary = c1.imaginary + c2.imaginary;
	return x;
}
 
Complex sub(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
	Complex x;
	x.real = c1.real - c2.real;
	x.imaginary = c1.imaginary - c2.imaginary;
	return x;
}
 
int main(void) {
	Complex c1(1, 2);
	c1.show();
	Complex c2(2, 2);
	c2.show();
	Complex c3;
	c3=add(c1,c2);
	c3.show();
	return 0;
}

优点：代码简洁，复数的定义与+/-操作是分开的，比较好

缺点：类中没有体现复数的操作(实际上这个是优点)

第二中方式：

using namespace std;
 
class Complex{
private:
	double real;
	double imaginary;
public:
	Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
	Complex(const Complex& c);
	~Complex();
	void show();
	void add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
	void sub(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
};
 
Complex::Complex(double r,double i){//带默认参数，不填写参数就调用默认参
	real = r;
	imaginary = i;
}
 
Complex::Complex(const Complex& c) {
	real = c.real;
	imaginary = c.imaginary;
}
 
Complex::~Complex(void) {
	cout << real << "+" << imaginary << "i"<< "析构完成" << endl;
}
 
void Complex::show(void) {
	cout << real << "+" << imaginary << "i" << endl;
}
 
void Complex::add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
	real = c1.real + c2.real;
	imaginary = c1.imaginary + c2.imaginary;
}
 
void Complex::sub(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
	real = c1.real - c2.real;
	imaginary = c1.imaginary - c2.imaginary;
}
 
int main(void) {
	Complex c1(1, 2);
	c1.show();
	Complex c2(2, 2);
	c2.show();
	Complex c3;
	c3.add(c1,c2);
	c3.show();
	return 0;
}

优点：复数的定义与操作都集中到一个类中(实际上这个有时是缺点，进行其他的运算时会导致改动比较大)

缺点：这个类的设计太过集中，有点过度设计，后续一旦有新的需求不好维护

学校课本上的代码：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class Complex {
 
private:
	double real;
	double imaginary;
 
public:
	Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
	Complex(const Complex& c);
	~Complex();
 
	void show(void);
 
	Complex add(const Complex& c);
	Complex sub(const Complex& c);
};
 
Complex::Complex(double r, double i) {//带默认参数，不填写参数就调用默认参
	real = r;
	imaginary = i;
}
Complex::Complex(const Complex& c) {
	real = c.real;
	imaginary = c.imaginary;
}
Complex::~Complex(void) {
	cout << real << "+" << imaginary << "i" << "析构完成" << endl;
}
void Complex::show(void) {
	cout << real << "+" << imaginary << "i" << endl;
}
 
 
Complex Complex::add(const Complex& c) {
	Complex x;
	x.real = real + c.real;
	x.imaginary = imaginary + c.imaginary;
	return x;
}
 
Complex Complex::sub(const Complex& c) {
	Complex x;
	x.real = real - c.real;
	x.imaginary = imaginary - c.imaginary;
	return x;
}
 
int main(void) {
 
	Complex c1(1, 2);
	c1.show();
 
	Complex c2(2, 2);
	c2.show();
 
	Complex c3;
	c3 = c1.add(c2);
	c3.show();
 
	Complex c4;
	c4 = c1.add(c2);
	c4.show();
 
	return 0;
}

比较合理，言简意赅