ResourcesManager资源管理

1.Resources的分类

Resources可以分为Activity类型的和WindowContext类型两种类型的Resources,（ps:Application类型的Resources还待研究)，谷歌源码的解释如下：

ResourcesManager.java - OpenGrok cross reference for /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ResourcesManager.java

     /**
      * Contains a resource derived from an {@link Activity} or {@link WindowContext} and information
      * about how this resource expects its configuration to differ from the token's.
      *
      * @see ActivityResources
      */
     // TODO: Ideally this class should be called something token related, like TokenBasedResource.
     private static class ActivityResource {
         /**
          * The override configuration applied on top of the token's override config for this
          * resource.
          */
         public final Configuration overrideConfig = new Configuration();
 
         /**
          * If non-null this resource expects its configuration to override the display from the
          * token's configuration.
          *
          * @see #applyDisplayMetricsToConfiguration(DisplayMetrics, Configuration)
          */
         @Nullable
         public Integer overrideDisplayId;
 
         @Nullable
         public WeakReference<Resources> resources;
 
         private ActivityResource() {}
     }

2 Activity类型的Resources创建过程：

2.1 在Resources创建之前，先理解下Activity和Resources之间的关系。

应用开发是通过Context.getResources()方法获取Resources对象,接下来我们看下Context对象是如何获取到Resources对象的。

一般情况下系统的Context对象有Activity、Application、Service类型的Context对象，其最终实现类是ContextImpl,因为在Activity的内部在attach的时候会传入一个Context对象，这个Context对象的实现类就是ContextImpl。具体的堆栈信息如下：

 performLaunchActivity(

因为ContextImpl类中持有Resources对象mResources，其调用setResources方法设置进来的，调用堆栈如下：

所以我们就清楚了Activity、ContextImpl、Resources、ResourcesImpl之间的关系如下：

2.2 Resources创建过程：

Activity类型的Resources是通过ResourcesManager的createResourcesForActivityLocked方法创建的：

ResourcesManager.java - OpenGrok cross reference for /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ResourcesManager.java

     @NonNull
     private Resources createResourcesForActivityLocked(@NonNull IBinder activityToken,
             @NonNull Configuration initialOverrideConfig, @Nullable Integer overrideDisplayId,
             @NonNull ClassLoader classLoader, @NonNull ResourcesImpl impl,
             @NonNull CompatibilityInfo compatInfo) {
         final ActivityResources activityResources = getOrCreateActivityResourcesStructLocked(
                 activityToken);
         cleanupReferences(activityResources.activityResources,
                 activityResources.activityResourcesQueue,
                 (r) -> r.resources);
 
         Resources resources = compatInfo.needsCompatResources() ? new CompatResources(classLoader)
                 : new Resources(classLoader);
         resources.setImpl(impl);
         resources.setCallbacks(mUpdateCallbacks);
 
         ActivityResource activityResource = new ActivityResource();
         activityResource.resources = new WeakReference<>(resources,
                 activityResources.activityResourcesQueue);
         activityResource.overrideConfig.setTo(initialOverrideConfig);
         activityResource.overrideDisplayId = overrideDisplayId;
         activityResources.activityResources.add(activityResource);
         if (DEBUG) {
             Slog.d(TAG, "- creating new ref=" + resources);
             Slog.d(TAG, "- setting ref=" + resources + " with impl=" + impl);
         }
         return resources;
     }

在创建Resources对象的时候创建了ActivityResources对象，ActivityResources对象是个什么，它的作用是什么：

ResourcesManager.java - OpenGrok cross reference for /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ResourcesManager.java

     /**
      * Class containing the base configuration override and set of resources associated with an
      * {@link Activity} or a {@link WindowContext}.
      */
     private static class ActivityResources {
         /**
          * Override config to apply to all resources associated with the token this instance is
          * based on.
          *
          * @see #activityResources
          * @see #getResources(IBinder, String, String[], String[], String[], String[], Integer,
          * Configuration, CompatibilityInfo, ClassLoader, List)
          */
         public final Configuration overrideConfig = new Configuration();
 
         /**
          * The display to apply to all resources associated with the token this instance is based
          * on.
          */
         public int overrideDisplayId;
 
         /** List of {@link ActivityResource} associated with the token this instance is based on. */
         public final ArrayList<ActivityResource> activityResources = new ArrayList<>();
 
         public final ReferenceQueue<Resources> activityResourcesQueue = new ReferenceQueue<>();
 
         @UnsupportedAppUsage
         private ActivityResources() {}
 
         /** Returns the number of live resource references within {@code activityResources}. */
         public int countLiveReferences() {
             int count = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < activityResources.size(); i++) {
                 WeakReference<Resources> resources = activityResources.get(i).resources;
                 if (resources != null && resources.get() != null) {
                     count++;
                 }
             }
             return count;
         }
     }

我们通过注释可以看出ActivityResources就是一个它是一个包含了一个overrideConfig的一组Activity类型/WindowContext类型的集合，其成员activityResources集合包含了一组的ActivityResource,那么ActivityResource又是个什么：

ResourcesManager.java - OpenGrok cross reference for /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ResourcesManager.java

298      /**
299       * Contains a resource derived from an {@link Activity} or {@link WindowContext} and information
300       * about how this resource expects its configuration to differ from the token's.
301       *
302       * @see ActivityResources
303       */
304      // TODO: Ideally this class should be called something token related, like TokenBasedResource.
305      private static class ActivityResource {
306          /**
307           * The override configuration applied on top of the token's override config for this
308           * resource.
309           */
310          public final Configuration overrideConfig = new Configuration();
311  
312          /**
313           * If non-null this resource expects its configuration to override the display from the
314           * token's configuration.
315           *
316           * @see #applyDisplayMetricsToConfiguration(DisplayMetrics, Configuration)
317           */
318          @Nullable
319          public Integer overrideDisplayId;
320  
321          @Nullable
322          public WeakReference<Resources> resources;
323  
324          private ActivityResource() {}
325      }

ActivityResource通过成员变量resources来管理Resources的，下面整理一下Activity、ActivityClientRecord、ActivityResources、ActivityResource之间的关系：

 ResourcesManager中的mActivityResourceReferences成员存入的key是IBinder对象,其实就是一个activityToken对象，其是在LaunchActivityItem时由system_server的ATMS生成的，可以理解成通行证，用于标记Activity的身份，在ATMS侧可以找到ActivityRecord,在APP侧可以找到对应的ActivityClientRecord。从上图的对应关系我们可以知道，一个Activity可能会对应多个Resources对象，这是为什么呢，这就和Resources的缓存机制有关了，假如说我们的系统语言为中文，然后我们从中文切换到了英语，这个时候系统就会为我们创建一个和此次Configuration有关的新的Resources与之对应，然后我们将英语又切回到了中文，这个时候系统就会复用第一次创建的和中文有关的Resources对象。

3.Resources更新过程

一个Activity在初始化的时候会调用attach方法绑定一个ContextImpl对象，这个ContextImpl对象会一直到该页面销毁，一直保持不变，上面我们知道一个ContextImpl对象中会持有一个Resources对象，当我们切换语言的时候页面的时候ContextImpl是没有变的，要保证app资源的正确性，这个时候就要替换掉ContextImpl对象里面的Resources对象，这也就是一个Activity可能有多个Resources的原因。系统会把我们之前切换掉的Resources保存在ResourceManager中防止下一次又切换到相同的Configuration的时候重新创建Resources对象。ResourceManger主要就是通过下面这两个集合进行Resources复用的：

ResourcesManager.java - OpenGrok cross reference for /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ResourcesManager.java

     /**
      * A mapping of ResourceImpls and their configurations. These are heavy weight objects
      * which should be reused as much as possible.
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     private final ArrayMap<ResourcesKey, WeakReference<ResourcesImpl>> mResourceImpls =
             new ArrayMap<>();
 
     /**
      * A list of Resource references that can be reused.
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     private final ArrayList<WeakReference<Resources>> mResourceReferences = new ArrayList<>();

从上面的注释可以看出ResourcesManager保存了和Configuration有关的ResourcesKey和与之对应的ResourcesImpl对象。当我们下次再切换到相同的语言，系统创建的ResourceKey就和上一次切换的ResourceKey两个不同的对象能保证他们的mHash值保持一致，也就能顺利的从mResourceImpls当中取出缓存对象。下面摘录了ResourcesKey的mHash的计算方法：

ResourcesManager.java - OpenGrok cross reference for /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ResourcesManager.java

 public final class ResourcesKey {

     public ResourcesKey(@Nullable String resDir,
                         @Nullable String[] splitResDirs,
                         @Nullable String[] overlayPaths,
                         @Nullable String[] libDirs,
                         int overrideDisplayId,
                         @Nullable Configuration overrideConfig,
                         @Nullable CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
                         @Nullable ResourcesLoader[] loader) {
         mResDir = resDir;
         mSplitResDirs = splitResDirs;
         mOverlayPaths = overlayPaths;
         mLibDirs = libDirs;
         mLoaders = (loader != null && loader.length == 0) ? null : loader;
         mDisplayId = overrideDisplayId;
         mOverrideConfiguration = new Configuration(overrideConfig != null
                 ? overrideConfig : Configuration.EMPTY);
         mCompatInfo = compatInfo != null ? compatInfo : CompatibilityInfo.DEFAULT_COMPATIBILITY_INFO;
 
         int hash = 17;
         hash = 31 * hash + Objects.hashCode(mResDir);
         hash = 31 * hash + Arrays.hashCode(mSplitResDirs);
         hash = 31 * hash + Arrays.hashCode(mOverlayPaths);
         hash = 31 * hash + Arrays.hashCode(mLibDirs);
         hash = 31 * hash + Objects.hashCode(mDisplayId);
         hash = 31 * hash + Objects.hashCode(mOverrideConfiguration);
         hash = 31 * hash + Objects.hashCode(mCompatInfo);
         hash = 31 * hash + Arrays.hashCode(mLoaders);
         mHash = hash;
     }

     @Override
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
         if (!(obj instanceof ResourcesKey)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         ResourcesKey peer = (ResourcesKey) obj;
         if (mHash != peer.mHash) {
             // If the hashes don't match, the objects can't match.
             return false;
         }
 
         if (!Objects.equals(mResDir, peer.mResDir)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!Arrays.equals(mSplitResDirs, peer.mSplitResDirs)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!Arrays.equals(mOverlayPaths, peer.mOverlayPaths)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!Arrays.equals(mLibDirs, peer.mLibDirs)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (mDisplayId != peer.mDisplayId) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!Objects.equals(mOverrideConfiguration, peer.mOverrideConfiguration)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!Objects.equals(mCompatInfo, peer.mCompatInfo)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!Arrays.equals(mLoaders, peer.mLoaders)) {
             return false;
         }
         return true;
     }

 }