个人稀疏编码笔记

本文探讨了稀疏编码中的二范数指标,介绍了不同范数的定义,如0-范数、1-范数、2-范数、p-范数和∞-范数,并指出在稀疏性需求下0-范数的重要性。文章重点分析了在2-范数(欧氏距离)标准下求解的特性。
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Sparse Coding

参考于:《Sparse and Redundant Representations From Theory to Applications in Signal and Image Processing
考虑如下的线性系统:

b=Ax

其中, ARn×m,bRn,xRm,n>m ,
因为{方程组}的行数(方程个数) n 多于未知参数的个数 m , 因此上述方程组是欠定的,其解为 无解or无穷多解,为了保证上述方程有解,此后我们假定 A 是满秩矩阵。
我们追求的结果是找到 b 的稀疏表示方法,也即设法找到 A,x 使得在该映射变换下, x b 的稀疏表达方式,准则是利用 x 中尽可能少的不为零的数,来等效表示 b 。接下来,我们考虑各种范数指标。
sparsity: x 中不为零元素的个数

二范数指标

我们选取指标:

This textbook introduces sparse and redundant representations with a focus on applications in signal and image processing. The theoretical and numerical foundations are tackled before the applications are discussed. Mathematical modeling for signal sources is discussed along with how to use the proper model for tasks such as denoising, restoration, separation, interpolation and extrapolation, compression, sampling, analysis and synthesis, detection, recognition, and more. The presentation is elegant and engaging. Sparse and Redundant Representations is intended for graduate students in applied mathematics and electrical engineering, as well as applied mathematicians, engineers, and researchers who are active in the fields of signal and image processing. * Introduces theoretical and numerical foundations before tackling applications * Discusses how to use the proper model for various situations * Introduces sparse and redundant representations * Focuses on applications in signal and image processing The field of sparse and redundant representation modeling has gone through a major revolution in the past two decades. This started with a series of algorithms for approximating the sparsest solutions of linear systems of equations, later to be followed by surprising theoretical results that guarantee these algorithms’ performance. With these contributions in place, major barriers in making this model practical and applicable were removed, and sparsity and redundancy became central, leading to state-of-the-art results in various disciplines. One of the main beneficiaries of this progress is the field of image processing, where this model has been shown to lead to unprecedented performance in various applications. This book provides a comprehensive view of the topic of sparse and redundant representation modeling, and its use in signal and image processing. It offers a systematic and ordered exposure to the theoretical foundations of this data model, the numerical aspects of the involved algorithms, and the signal and image processing applications that benefit from these advancements. The book is well-written, presenting clearly the flow of the ideas that brought this field of research to its current achievements. It avoids a succession of theorems and proofs by providing an informal description of the analysis goals and building this way the path to the proofs. The applications described help the reader to better understand advanced and up-to-date concepts in signal and image processing. Written as a text-book for a graduate course for engineering students, this book can also be used as an easy entry point for readers interested in stepping into this field, and for others already active in this area that are interested in expanding their understanding and knowledge.
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