Java基础——常用对象API（2）：StringBuffer类

1.概述

每次对字符串进行拼接操作，都会构造一个新的String对象，既耗时又浪费空间，而StringBuffer可解决这问题。

线程安全的可变字符串。

StringBuffer和String的区别：前者长度和内容可变，后者不可变；如果使用前者做字符串的拼接，不会浪费太多资源。

2.构造方法

1. public StringBuffer()：无参构造方法
2. public StringBuffer(int capacity)：指定容量的字符串缓冲区对象
3. public StringBuffer(String str)：指定字符串内容的字符串缓冲区对象

3.方法

3.1 查询容量和长度

1. public int capacity()：返回当前容量 （理论值）
2. public int length()：返回字符串长度 （实际值）

StringBuffer sb0 = new StringBuffer();
System.out.println("sb0:"+sb0);//sb0:
System.out.println("sb0.capacity():"+sb0.capacity());//sb0.capacity():16
System.out.println("sb0.length():"+sb0.length());//sb0.length():0

StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer(50);
System.out.println("sb1:"+sb1);//sb1:
System.out.println("sb1.capacity():"+sb1.capacity());//sb.capacity():50
System.out.println("sb1.length():"+sb1.length());//sb.length():0

StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer("Hello");
System.out.println("sb2:"+sb2);//sb2:Hello
System.out.println("sb2.capacity():"+sb2.capacity());//sb2.capacity():21
System.out.println("sb2.length():"+sb2.length());//sb2.length():5

3.2 添加

1. public StringBuffer append(String str);
2. public StringBuffer insert(int offset,String str)

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        StringBuffer sb1 = sb.append("Hello");
        System.out.println(sb==sb1);//true

        System.out.println(sb);//Hello
        sb.append(true);
        System.out.println(sb);//Hellotrue
        sb.append(12);
        System.out.println(sb);//Hellotrue12
        sb.append(98.14);
        System.out.println(sb);//Hellotrue1298.14

        StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer();
        sb2.append("World").append(43).append(false).append(12.56);
        System.out.println(sb2);//World43false12.56

        StringBuffer sb3 = new StringBuffer("Hello21true3.12");
        sb3.insert(5,"World");
        System.out.println(sb3);//HelloWorld21true3.12

3.3 删除

1. public StringBuffer deleteCharAt(int index)
2. public StringBuffer delete(int start,int end)

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("Hello").append("Java").append("World");
        System.out.println(sb);// HelloJavaWorld

        sb.deleteCharAt(5);
        System.out.println(sb);//HelloavaWorld

        sb.delete(5,8);
        System.out.println(sb);//HelloWorld

        sb.delete(0,sb.length());
        System.out.println("sb:"+sb);//sb:

3.4 替换

public StringBuffer replace(int start,int end,String str)

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("Hello World Java");

        sb.replace(6,11,"节日快乐");
        System.out.println(sb);//Hello 节日快乐 Java

3.5 反转

public StringBuffer reverse()

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("avaJ通精");

        sb.reverse();
        System.out.println(sb);//精通Java

3.6 截取

返回值类型不再是StringBuffer类型，而是String类型

1. public String substring(int start)
2. public String substring(int start,int end)

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("HelloWorldJava");

        String s1 = sb.substring(5);
        System.out.println(s1);//WorldJava
        
        String s2 = sb.substring(5,10);
        System.out.println(s2);//World

4.StringBuffer和String的相互转换

4.1 String——>StringBuffer

1.通过构造方法

        String s = "Hello";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(s);

2.通过append()方法

        String s = "Hello";
        StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append(s);

4.2 StringBuffer——>String

1.通过构造方法

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");
        String s = new String(sb);

2.通过toString()方法

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");
        String s = sb.toString();

5. 练习

5.1 数组拼接成指定字符串

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] a = {4,5,9,6,4};
        System.out.println(arrayToString1(a));
        System.out.println(arrayToString2(a));
    }

    public static String arrayToString1(int[] a) {
        String s = "";
        s += "[";
        for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            if(i == a.length-1) {
                s += a[i];
            }else {
                s += a[i];
                s += ", ";
            }
        }
        s += "]";

        return s;
    }

    public static String arrayToString2(int[] a) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("[");
        for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            if(i == a.length-1) {
                sb.append(a[i]);
            }else {
                sb.append(a[i]);
                sb.append(", ");
            }
        }
        sb.append("]");

        return sb.toString();
    }
}

5.2 字符串反转

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String s = sc.nextLine();

        System.out.println(myReverse1(s));
        System.out.println(myReverse2(s));
    }

    public static String myReverse1(String s) {//用String做字符串的拼接
        String str = "";
        char[] ch = s.toCharArray();

        for(int i = ch.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
            str += ch[i];
        }

        return str;
    }

    public static String myReverse2(String s) { //用StringBuffer的reverse()方法
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(s);

        sb.reverse();

        return sb.toString();
    }
}

5.3 判断字符串是否对称

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String s = sc.nextLine();

        System.out.println(ifSymmetry(s));
    }
    
    public static boolean ifSymmetry(String s) {
        return new StringBuffer(s).reverse().toString().equals(s);
    }
}

5. 其他

5.1 String，StringBuffer和StringBuilder的区别

A：String的内容是不可变的，StringBuffer和StringBuilder的内容是可变的。
B：StringBuffer是同步的，数据安全，但效率低；StringBuilder不同步，数据不安全，但效率高。

5.2 StringBuffer和数组的区别

二者都可看成容器，用来装数据。
StringBuffer可以往里面添加各种类型的数据，但最终是字符串数据；
数组只能存放一种类型的数据。

5.3 形式参数

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "hello";
        String s2 = "world";
        System.out.println(s1+"——————"+s2);//hello——————world
        change(s1,s2);
        System.out.println(s1+"——————"+s2);//hello——————world

        StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer("hello");
        StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer("world");
        System.out.println(sb1+"——————"+sb2);//hello——————world
        change(sb1,sb2);
        System.out.println(sb1+"——————"+sb2);//hello——————worldhello
    }

    public static void change(String s1,String s2) {
        String s = s1;
        s1 = s2;
        s2 = s;
    }

    public static void change(StringBuffer sb1,StringBuffer sb2) {
        sb2.append(sb1);
        sb1 = sb2;
    }
}