上一节我们学习了Android的数据存储采用File,但是这样的数据是存储在应用程序内的,那么也就是说这样的存储的文件大小还是有一定要限制的,有时候我们需要存储更大的文件,比如电影等,这就用到了我们的SDSard存储卡。Android也为我们提供了SDCard的一些相关操作。Environment这个类就可以实现这个功能。
Environmet类
常用常量
String MEDIA_MOUNTED | 当前Android的外部存储器可读可写 |
String MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY | 当前Android的外部存储器只读 |
常用方法
方法名称 | 描述 |
public static File getDataDirectory () | 获得Android下的data文件夹的目录 |
public static File getDownloadCacheDirectory () | 获得Android Download/Cache 内容的目录 |
public static File getExternalStorageDirectory () | 获得Android外部存储器也就是SDCard的目录 |
public static String getExternalStorageState () | 获得Android外部存储器的当前状态 |
public static File getRootDirectory () | 获得Android下的root文件夹的目录 |
要想实现对SDCard的读取操作,只需要按以下几个步骤就行:
1、 先判断这台手机设备上是否有SDCard且具有读写SDCard的权限
Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)
2、 调用Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()获得到外部存储器的目录
3、 使用IO流对外部存储器进行文件的读写
4、 别忘记了要在AndroidMainfest.xml中添加权限哦
特别声明:以下操作必须要在如下权限下完成:
- <!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS" />
- <!-- 往SDCard中写入数据权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS" />
<!-- 往SDCard中写入数据权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
实例:读写SDCard上的文件
- package com.jiahui.sdcarddemo;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Environment;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.EditText;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- public class SDCardDemoActivity extends Activity {
- private Button btnWrite, btnRead;
- private EditText edtContent;
- private TextView tvResult;
- private static final String FILE_NAME = "test.txt";
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- edtContent = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.edtContent);
- tvResult = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tvResult);
- btnRead = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnRead);
- btnWrite = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnWrite);
- btnWrite.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- System.out.println("往SDCard里写数据");
- // 先判断是否有SDCard
- System.out.println("Environment.getExternalStorageState():"
- + Environment.getExternalStorageState());
- System.out.println("Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED:"
- + Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
- if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
- Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
- String content = edtContent.getText().toString();
- try {
- // 获取SDcard路径
- File sdCardDir = Environment
- .getExternalStorageDirectory();
- // SDCard目录:/mnt/sdcard
- String sdcardPath = sdCardDir.getAbsolutePath();
- System.out.println("sdCardDir.getAbsolutePath()"
- + sdCardDir.getAbsolutePath());
- File file = new File(sdCardDir, FILE_NAME);
- // File file = new File(sdcardPath
- // + File.separator + FILE_NAME);
- // 以指定文件创建RandomAccessFile对象
- RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
- // 将文件记录指针移动最后
- raf.seek(file.length());
- // 输出文件内容
- raf.write(content.getBytes());
- raf.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // TODO: handle exception
- }
- }
- }
- });
- btnRead.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
- Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
- // 获取SDcard路径
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- try {
- File sdCardDir = Environment
- .getExternalStorageDirectory();
- File file = new File(sdCardDir, FILE_NAME);
- InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
- int len = 0;
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
- sb.append(new String(buffer, 0, len));
- }
- tvResult.setText(sb.toString());
- // 关闭流
- inputStream.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
package com.jiahui.sdcarddemo;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class SDCardDemoActivity extends Activity {
private Button btnWrite, btnRead;
private EditText edtContent;
private TextView tvResult;
private static final String FILE_NAME = "test.txt";
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
edtContent = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.edtContent);
tvResult = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tvResult);
btnRead = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnRead);
btnWrite = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnWrite);
btnWrite.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
System.out.println("往SDCard里写数据");
// 先判断是否有SDCard
System.out.println("Environment.getExternalStorageState():"
+ Environment.getExternalStorageState());
System.out.println("Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED:"
+ Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
String content = edtContent.getText().toString();
try {
// 获取SDcard路径
File sdCardDir = Environment
.getExternalStorageDirectory();
// SDCard目录:/mnt/sdcard
String sdcardPath = sdCardDir.getAbsolutePath();
System.out.println("sdCardDir.getAbsolutePath()"
+ sdCardDir.getAbsolutePath());
File file = new File(sdCardDir, FILE_NAME);
// File file = new File(sdcardPath
// + File.separator + FILE_NAME);
// 以指定文件创建RandomAccessFile对象
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
// 将文件记录指针移动最后
raf.seek(file.length());
// 输出文件内容
raf.write(content.getBytes());
raf.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
}
});
btnRead.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
// 获取SDcard路径
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
try {
File sdCardDir = Environment
.getExternalStorageDirectory();
File file = new File(sdCardDir, FILE_NAME);
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
sb.append(new String(buffer, 0, len));
}
tvResult.setText(sb.toString());
// 关闭流
inputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
}
}
实现效果
用File Explorer可以看到如下图一样的效果:
开发注意事项:
1、 一定不能忘记添加权限
- <!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS" />
- <!-- 往SDCard中写入数据权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS" />
<!-- 往SDCard中写入数据权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
2、 要判断一下是否插入SD卡和是否具有读写的能力:
Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)
如需转载引用请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/jiahui524