dynamic_cast

Converts the operand expression to an object of type type-id.

将操作数 expression 转换为类型type-id对象。          

dynamic_cast < type-id > ( expression )    

 For example:

   D* pd = new D;
   C* pc = dynamic_cast<C*>(pd);   
                                   
   B* pb = dynamic_cast<B*>(pd);  
                                

主要应用于子类向父类的转换,而父类向子类转换则会产生异常,在bad_cast一文中有其对比
这种属于上行转换,如果type-id 是viod*类型，则靠后面的expression判断其类型

class A {virtual void f();};
class B {virtual void f();};

void f() {
   A* pa = new A;
   B* pb = new B;
   void* pv = dynamic_cast<void*>(pa);
   // pv now points to an object of type A
   pv = dynamic_cast<void*>(pb);
   // pv now points to an object of type B
}

 如果 expression 的类型是 type-id类型的基类，则运行时检查进行查看 expression 是否指向实际 type-id的类型的完整对象。如果为 true，则结果是指向 type-id的类型的完整对象

#include <typeinfo.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class B {
	virtual void sum(int a,int b){}
};
class D : public B 
{
	virtual void sum(int a,int b){}
};

int main() {
   B* pb = new D;   // unclear but ok
   B* pb2 = new B;
   try {  
       D* pd = dynamic_cast<D*>(pb);   // ok: pb actually points to a D
       D* pd2 = dynamic_cast<D*>(pb2);   // pb2 points to a B not a D 
   }catch (bad_cast b) 
   {  
      cout << "Caught: " << b.what();  
   } 
	return 0;                  
}