static在C++中的理解

 C++中增加了类的概念.所以static 在C++中除了有C的特点外,还有就是在类中的特性了.

1.For data members, static indicates  that only one piece of storage for member data exists for all objects of a class.

 

2.you can also create static member functions that ,like static data members,work for the class as a whole rather than a particular object of a class.Because they have no this pointer, static member functions can neither access non-static data members nor call non-static member functions.

 

完美体现这两个特性的例子,就是Singleton设计模式的实现.

13. #include <iostream>
14. using namespace std;
15. class Singleton
16. {
17. private:
18.     int i;
19.      Singleton(int ii);
20.      Singleton(Singleton &);//防止 Singleton s=*Singleton::GetInstance();
21.                             //Singleton s(*Singleton::GetInstance());
22.     static Singleton one;
23.     
24. public:
25.     static Singleton * GetInstance();
26.     int GetVal() const; 
27.     
28. };
29. Singleton::Singleton(int ii): i(ii)
30. {
31. }
33. int Singleton::GetVal() const
34. {
35.     return i;
36. }
38. Singleton Singleton::one(3);
39. Singleton * Singleton::GetInstance()
40. {
41.     return &one;
42. }
47. int main()
48. {
49.     //Singleton s(3); 此句发生错误
50.     //error C2248: 'Singleton::Singleton' : cannot access private member declared in class 'Singleton'
51.     // see declaration of 'Singleton::Singleton'
52.     cout<<Singleton::GetInstance()->GetVal()<<endl;
54.  return 0;
55. }

总结:由一个static数据成员和一个static函数成员实现了Singleton设计模式.