SpringCloud-----Ribbon的基础配置

1、Ribbon 是什么？

Spring Cloud Ribbon是一个基于HTTP和TCP的客户端负载均衡工具，它基于Netflix Ribbon实现。通过Spring Cloud的封装，可以让我们轻松地将面向服务的REST模版请求自动转换成客户端负载均衡的服务调用。Spring Cloud Ribbon虽然只是一个工具类框架，它不像服务注册中心、配置中心、API网关那样需要独立部署，但是它几乎存在于每一个Spring Cloud构建的微服务和基础设施中。因为微服务间的调用，API网关的请求转发等内容，实际上都是通过Ribbon来实现的。

2、pom.xml配置

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>

3、application.yml

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false # 不注册
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://admin:admin@eurekaserver-7001.com:7001/eureka,http://admin:admin@eurekaserver-7002.com:7002/eureka,http://admin:admin@eurekaserver-7003.com:7003/eureka

4、RestTemplate的bean配置

package com.zemel.consumer.config;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Base64;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestConfig {
	
	@Bean
	public HttpHeaders getHeaders(){
		// 进行一个Http头信息配置
		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
		String auth = "wendy:wendy";
		byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encode(auth.getBytes(Charset.forName("US-ASCII")));
		// 加密字符串要有空格
		String authHeader = "Basic " + new String(encodedAuth);
		
		headers.set("Authorization", authHeader);
		return headers;
	}

	@Bean
	@LoadBalanced
	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
		return new RestTemplate();
	}
	

}

6、Rest调用微服务

package com.zemel.consumer.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.zemel.consumer.constant.ServiceNameConst;
import com.zemel.vo.Dept;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept")
public class DeptController {
	
	static final String DEPT_GET_URL = ServiceNameConst.DEPT + "dept/get/";
	static final String DEPT_LIST_URL = ServiceNameConst.DEPT + "dept/list/";
	static final String DEPT_ADD_URL = ServiceNameConst.DEPT + "dept/add/";
	
	@Resource
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;
	
	@Resource
	private HttpHeaders headers;

	@GetMapping("/get")
	public Object getDept(long id){
		
		return this.restTemplate.exchange(DEPT_GET_URL+id, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity(headers), Dept.class);
//		return this.restTemplate.getForEntity(DEPT_GET_URL+id, Dept.class);
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/list")
	public Object list(){
		return this.restTemplate.exchange(DEPT_LIST_URL, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity(headers), List.class);
//		return this.restTemplate.getForObject(DEPT_LIST_URL, List.class);
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/add")
	public Object add(Dept dept){
		return this.restTemplate.exchange(DEPT_ADD_URL, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity(dept,headers), Boolean.class);
//		return this.restTemplate.postForObject(DEPT_ADD_URL, dept, Boolean.class);
	}
}

package com.zemel.consumer.constant;

public interface ServiceNameConst {

	String DEPT = "http://DEPT-8001/";
	
}

package com.zemel.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class Consumer80App {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Consumer80App.class, args);
	}
}

注意：Ribbon使用一定要使用负载均衡注解@LoadBalanced，若未给RestTemplate的bean配置该注解，

则可能发生异常：unkonwnHostException

7、Ribbon的作用

总所周知的作用：微服务调用端通过Ribbon调用微服务；

Ribbon内部通过服务名称查找服务对应的IP及端口，并且负载轮询同一服务名称的不同服务