LeetCode 583. Delete Operation for Two Strings--动态规划 DP--Java，Python，C++解法

此题链接：Delete Operation for Two Strings - LeetCode
LeetCode 动态规划（Dynamic programming）系列题目:LeetCode 动态规划（Dynamic programming）系列题目
升级版题目：Edit Distance - LeetCode
文章地址:LeetCode 72. Edit Distance - zhangpeterx的博客 - CSDN博客

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Given two words word1 and word2, find the minimum number of steps required to make word1 and word2 the same, where in each step you can delete one character in either string.

Example 1:

Input: "sea", "eat"
Output: 2

Explanation: You need one step to make “sea” to “ea” and another step to make “eat” to “ea”.
Note:

• The length of given words won’t exceed 500.
• Characters in given words can only be lower-case letters.

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这道题目是求最长公共子串，最容易想到的就是动态规划的解法。

Java解法如下：

public class Solution {
    public int minDistance(String s1, String s2) {
        int[][] memo = new int[s1.length() + 1][s2.length() + 1];
        return s1.length() + s2.length() - 2 * lcs(s1, s2, s1.length(), s2.length(), memo);
    }
    public int lcs(String s1, String s2, int m, int n, int[][] memo) {
        if (m == 0 || n == 0)
            return 0;
        if (memo[m][n] > 0)
            return memo[m][n];
        if (s1.charAt(m - 1) == s2.charAt(n - 1))
            memo[m][n] = 1 + lcs(s1, s2, m - 1, n - 1, memo);
        else
            memo[m][n] = Math.max(lcs(s1, s2, m, n - 1, memo), lcs(s1, s2, m - 1, n, memo));
        return memo[m][n];
    }
}

这个解法里面重复计算了许多次，可以进行优化。
上面的做法使用了递归，很慢，使用迭代会快非常多。

public class Solution {
    public int minDistance(String s1, String s2) {
        int[][] dp = new int[s1.length() + 1][s2.length() + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i <= s1.length(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j <= s2.length(); j++) {
                if (i == 0 || j == 0)
                    continue;
                if (s1.charAt(i - 1) == s2.charAt(j - 1))
                    dp[i][j] = 1 + dp[i - 1][j - 1];
                else
                    dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]);
            }
        }
        return s1.length() + s2.length() - 2 * dp[s1.length()][s2.length()];
    }
}

这种解法也有缺点，

Ark-kun: Most DP solutions can be optimized. Instead of calculating all matrix, we actually only need the area with edit distance <= result. Suppose, you have 2 equal strings with length 1 million. With the described approach, you’ll process all 1000000000000 cells, while my A* path-finding approach will just go diagonally straight from corner to corner. The listed DP approaches are always O(n*m); my approach can be as fast as max(n,m).

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Python解法如下：

class Solution:
    def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
        m, n = len(word1), len(word2)
        dp = [[0] * (n + 1) for i in range(m + 1)]
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                dp[i + 1][j + 1] = max(dp[i][j + 1], dp[i + 1][j], dp[i][j] + (word1[i] == word2[j]))
        return m + n - 2 * dp[m][n]

C++解法如下：

class Solution {
public:
    int minDistance(string a, string b) {
        int m = a.size(), n = b.size();
        vector<vector<int>> dp(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1, 0));
        for (int i = m; i >= 0; i--) {
            for (int j = n; j >= 0; j--) {
                if (i < m || j < n)
                    dp[i][j] = i < m && j < n && a[i] == b[j] ?
                        dp[i + 1][j + 1] : 1 + min((i < m ? dp[i + 1][j] : INT_MAX), (j < n ? dp[i][j + 1] : INT_MAX));
            }
        }
        return dp[0][0];
    }
};