Linux mysql安装

一、RPM包安装

        MySQL官网下载：MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

 1.将下载好的源码包传进虚拟机里

2.卸载mariadb（系统自带的数据库服务，不能与mysql同时开启，也可以关闭mariadb）

systemctl stop mariadb

[root@mail mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

3.解压mysql到/mysql（解压位置随机）

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /mysql

4.创建依赖关系

cd /mysql
createrepo . (如果没有createrepo yum install createrepo)
               #createrepo尽量在目录中使用相对路径

 5.创建本地仓库文件

vim /etc/yum.repo.d/mysql.repo
[mysql_local]
name=mysql-8.0.27
baseurl=file:///mysql
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

6.yum 安装

[root@localhost mysql]# yum clean all   #清除缓存
[root@localhost mysql]# yum makecache   #从新建立缓存
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install -y mysql-community-server


 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.27-1.el7        mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.27-1.el7
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.27-1.el7

rpm包配置

配置文件目录:

/etc/my.cnf

/etc/my.cnf.d/

数据主目录:/var/lib/mysql

socket文件: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

端口: 3306

日志文件:/var/log/mysqld.log

启动服务: systemctl restart mysqld

获取密码:

cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

2021-11-27T07:59:01.828804Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Hz/>a2NoPDpi

登录数据库

mysql -u root -p'Hz/>a2NoPDpi'

修改密码:

mysqladmin -uroot -p'Hz/>a2NoPDpi' password Tong_123

mysql> set password='Tong_123';#8版本

mysql> set password=password('Tong_123')#5版本

重新登录:

mysql -u root -p'Tong_123'

基本操作:

mysql> show databases; 查看所有数据库

mysql> create database mydb; 创建数据库

mysql> use mydb; 切换数据库

mysql> create table user_info(id int,name char(10)); 创建表

mysql> show tables; 显示表

mysql> desc user_info; 描述表(看属性)

mysql> insert into user_info values(1,'tong'); 插入数据

mysql> select * from user_info; 查看数据

mysql> drop table user_info; 删除表

mysql> drop database mydb; 删除库

密码不正确:

[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl stop mysqld

[root@localhost ftp]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*   #删除所有数据库信息

[root@localhost ftp]# > /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl start mysqld 或者 mysqld --initialize --datadir=/var/lib/mysql

[root@localhost ftp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql

[root@localhost ftp]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

[root@localhost ftp]# systemctl restart mysqld

[root@localhost ftp]# mysql -u root -pKTdr2+yppDsq

忘记密码且数据不能删除情况下：

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下填上一句话

skip-grant-tables



[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=null where User='root';


[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#skip-grant-tables



[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
mysql> set password = 'Zhang_123';
mysql> exit
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Zhang_123'

二、源码安装

一台机器仅能启动一个mysql服务，所以尽量不要源码、RPM、mariadb安装在同一台机器上

mysql-src

1.配置/etc/my.cnf

/etc/my.cnf.d/ 子配置文件目录

2.数据目录: /usr/local/mysql/data

3.根据编译参数产生套接字文件:

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

4.mysql命令/usr/local/mysql/bin/

源码预编译（编译时间较长30分钟左右）:

[root@localhost ftp]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.18.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# yum install cmake

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.18/

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

预编译中一些错误

错误1:
CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81 (MESSAGE):
You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>

This CMake script will look for boost in <directory>. If it is not there,
it will download and unpack it (in that directory) for you.

If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy:

export http_proxy=http://example.com:80

删除缓存文件
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# rm -rf CMakeCache.txt

解决:
boost 版本过低

1.在/usr/local下创建一个名为boost的文件夹
mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
2.进入这个新创建的文件夹然后下载boost
wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
3.解压
tar -xvzf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
4.继续cmake，添加上红色部分
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost


错误2:
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:64 (MESSAGE):
Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,

remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/readline.cmake:107 (FIND_CURSES)
cmake/readline.cmake:197 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_EDITLINE)
CMakeLists.txt:488 (MYSQL_CHECK_EDITLINE)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

解决:
yum install ncurses-devel

[root@localhost [root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# rm -rf CMakeCache.txt

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost








错误:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

情况1: socket文件没有在 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

情况2: mysqld服务未启动

解决:
1.查看mysld服务端口 netstat -anplt | grep :3306

a.没端口服务未启动
b.有端口,文件位置不正确
cat /etc/my.cnf
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

解决:

yum install gcc gcc-c++

源码安装不会自己创建mysql用户需要手动创建

useradd -u 27 -d /var/lib/mysql -s /bin/false mysql

创建数据目录

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

不使用rpm产生的配置文件

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock



[mysql]

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

初始化

[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

初始化时 数据目录必须为空目录

当数据目录不为空时就rm -rf 删除数据目录里边内容

修改权限

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/

启动mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

检查端口:

[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -anplt | grep :3306

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 60187/mysqld

登录

[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p"Rkadj:2opk#5"
初始化后会出现初始密码

修改密码

mysql> set password=password('Robin_123');

修改源码mysql的启动方式

[root@localhost support-files]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldd

[root@mail mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqldd

[root@localhost support-files]# service mysqldd restart

开机自启动

[root@localhost support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqldd

[root@localhost support-files]# chkconfig mysqldd on

也可以

[root@localhost support-files]# systemctl restart mysqldd

修改源码客户端

[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/profile

PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

export PATH

[root@localhost support-files]# source /etc/profile

测试登录

[root@localhost support-files]# mysql -u root -p123