【分布式&微服务】SpringBoot自动配置原理

SpringBoot 的核心注解是@SpringBootApplication，而@SpringBootApplication中主要包含了以下 3 个注解：
1>@SpringBootConfiguration：组合了 @Configuration 注解，实现配置文件的功能。
2>@EnableAutoConfiguration：打开自动配置的功能，也可以关闭某个自动配置的选项，如关闭数据源自动配置功能： @SpringBootApplication(exclude= { DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class })。
3>@ComponentScan：Spring组件扫描。

SpringBoot 通过@EnableAutoConfiguration注解开启自动配置，对jar包下的spring.factories文件进行扫描，这个文件中包含了可以进行自动配置的类，当满足@Condition注解指定的条件时，便在依赖的支持下进行实例化，注册到Spring容器中，Spring Boot极大地简化了各种xml文件的配置。

protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
		}
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
		// 获取所有的候选配置
		List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
		configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
	}

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        // 获取所以的候选配置
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
				getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
				+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}

protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
		return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
	}

protected ClassLoader getBeanClassLoader() {
		return this.beanClassLoader;
	}

public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
        return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
    }

 private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
        if (result != null) {
            return result;
        } else {
            try {
                Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
                LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();

                while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                    URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
                    UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
                    Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
                    Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();

                    while(var6.hasNext()) {
                        Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
                        String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
                        String[] var9 = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
                        int var10 = var9.length;

                        for(int var11 = 0; var11 < var10; ++var11) {
                            String factoryImplementationName = var9[var11];
                            result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
                        }
                    }
                }

                cache.put(classLoader, result);
                return result;
            } catch (IOException var13) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var13);
            }
        }
    }

综上所述，Spring Boot 自动配置原理到底是什么呢？
答：其实自动配置的核心就是注解 @EnableAutoConfiguration, @Configuration, @ConditionalOnClass。@EnableAutoConfiguration 给容器导入META-INF/spring.factories 里定义
的自动配置类，筛选其中有效的自动配置类，然后再对每一个自动配置类结合对应的 xxxProperties.java 读取配置文件进行自动配置。