关于如何判断asterisk的音质 voip voice quality，QoS

作者：张拓

2010-10-9

 

关于asterisk的服务质量（QoS，暂时可以简单的理解成音质），有两个要素

 

1：延时

一般来说，由说话者发出的声音在300微秒内到达听者的耳朵里，那么一个正常的通话是可以进行的。当延时达到了500微秒，就很难避免彼此间的声音冲突。如果延时达到了一分钟，那么正常的通话便让人难以忍受。

2：丢包率

过多的丢包率将会到这远端无法重组出需要的声音波形，数据的间隙处也许会被认为是静音，或者比较特殊的情况下，会丢失所有的词和句子

 

 

引自《Asterisk™: The Future of Telephony》

 

http://astbook.asteriskdocs.org/en/2nd_Edition/asterisk-book-html/asterisk-book.html

 

内容如下：

Quality of Service

Quality of Service, or QoS as it’s more popularly termed, refers to the challenge of delivering a time-sensitive stream of data across a network that was designed to deliver data in an ad hoc, best-effort sort of way. Although there is no hard rule, it is generally accepted that if you can deliver the sound produced by the speaker to the listener’s ear within 150 milliseconds, a normal flow of conversation is possible. When delay exceeds 300 milliseconds, it becomes difficult to avoid interrupting each other. Beyond 500 milliseconds, normal conversation becomes increasingly awkward and frustrating.

In addition to getting it there on time, it is also essential to ensure that the transmitted information arrives intact. Too many lost packets will prevent the far end from completely reproducing the sampled audio, and gaps in the data will be heard as static or, in severe cases, entire missed words or sentences. Even packet loss of 5 percent can severely impede a VoIP network.

 

 

下面我们做个简单的实验

 

ping我的sip终端，得到如下数据

 

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.1.100

PING 192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=250 time=0.858 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=250 time=0.858 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=250 time=0.906 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=4 ttl=250 time=0.863 ms

--- 192.168.1.100 ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.858/0.871/0.906/0.029 ms

 

 

从上面我的实验中可以看到

1：丢包率为0

2：RTT响应平均延时0.871毫秒

 

这样的Qos是比较理想的