android设计模式之责任链模式

责任链模式介绍

责任链模式(Iterator Pattern)，是行为型设计模式之一。什么是“链”？我们将多个节点首尾相连所构成的模型称为链。

将每一个节点看做是一个对象，每一个对象拥有不同的处理逻辑，将一个请求从链式的首端发出，沿着链的路径依次传递给每一个节点对象，直到有对象处理这个请求为止，这种模式称为责任链模式。

责任链模式的定义

使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免了请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有对象处理它为止。

责任链模式的使用场景

多个对象可以处理同一请求，但具体由哪个对象处理则在运行时动态决定。

在请求处理者不明确的情况下向多个对象中的一个提交一个请求。

需要动态指定一组对象处理请求。

 

Android源码中责任链模式

责任链模式在源码中比较类似的实现莫过于对于事件的处理，用户接触屏幕时，Android都会将对应的事件包装成一个事件对象，从ViewTree的顶部至上而下地分发传递。关于事件的包装为命令模式中，关于IMS对事件的处理为访问者模式，在责任链模式中主要看ViewGroup如何将事件派发到子View，我们知道ViewGroup中执行事件派发的方法是dispatchTouchEvent，在该方法中对事件进行了统一的分发。

 

@Override
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
        mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
    }

    // If the event targets the accessibility focused view and this is it, start
    // normal event dispatch. Maybe a descendant is what will handle the click.
    //对于辅助功能的事件处理
    if (ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus() && isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
        ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
    }

    if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_MOTION) {
        Log.d(TAG, "(ViewGroup)dispatchTouchEvent 1: ev = " + ev + ",mFirstTouchTarget = "
                + mFirstTouchTarget + ",this = " + this);
    }

    boolean handled = false;
    if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
        final int action = ev.getAction();
        final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

        // Handle an initial down.
     //处理原始的DOWN事件
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
            // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
            // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
            //这里主要是在新事件开始时处理完上一个事件。
            cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
            resetTouchState();
        }

        // Check for interception.
       //检查拦截
        final boolean intercepted;
      
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
            final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
            if (!disallowIntercept) {
                intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                /// M : add log to help debugging
                if (intercepted == true && ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_TOUCH) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Touch event was intercepted event = " + ev
                            + ",this = " + this);
                }
//恢复事件防止其改变
                ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
            } else {
                intercepted = false;
            }
        } else {
            // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
            // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
            intercepted = true;
        }

        // If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
        // a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
       //如果事件被拦截了，则进行正常的事件分发
        if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }

        // Check for cancelation.
       //检查事件是否取消
        final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

        // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
       //如果有必要的话，为Down事件检查所有的目标对象
        final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;

        TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
        boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
        //如果事件未被取消并未被拦截
        if (!canceled && !intercepted) {

            // If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
            // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
            // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
            // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
            // state since these events are very rare.
            //如果有辅助功能的参与，则直接将事件投递到对应的View，否则将事件分发给多有的子View。
            View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                    ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;
    
     //如果事件为起始事件
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                        : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;

                // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                // have become out of sync.
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);

                final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                //如果Touchtarget为空并且子元素不为0
                if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                    final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                    final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                    // Find a child that can receive the event.
                    // Scan children from front to back.
     //由上至下寻找一个可以接收该事件的子View
                    final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                    final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                            && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                    final View[] children = mChildren;
                   //遍历子元素
                    for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                        final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                        final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                preorderedList, children, childIndex);

                        // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                        // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                        // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                        // safer given the timeframe.
                        if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                            i = childrenCount - 1;
                        }
 //如果这个子元素无法接收Pointer Event或这个事件压根就没有落在子元素的边界范围内
                        if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                           //跳出该次循环继续遍历
                            continue;
                        }
  
//找到Event该由哪一个子元素持有。
                        newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                        if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_MOTION) {
                            Log.d(TAG, "(ViewGroup)dispatchTouchEvent to child 3: child = "
                                    + child + ",childrenCount = " + childrenCount + ",i = " + i
                                    + ",newTouchTarget = " + newTouchTarget
                                    + ",idBitsToAssign = " + idBitsToAssign);
                        }
                        if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                            // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                            // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                            newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                            break;
                        }

                        resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                        //投递事件执行触摸操作。
   //如果子元素还是一个ViewGroup，则递归调用重复此过程。
  //如果子元素是一个View，那么则会调用View的dispatchTouchEvent，并最终由onTouchEvent处理。
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                            // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                           //子View在其边界范围内接收事件
                            mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                            if (preorderedList != null) {
                                // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                    if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                        mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            } else {
                                mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                            }
                            mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                            mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                            newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                            alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                            break;
                        }

                        // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                        // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                        ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                    }
                    if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                }
//如果发现没有子元素可以持有该次事件
                if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                    // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                    // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                    newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                    while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                        newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                    }
                    newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                }
            }
        }

        // Dispatch to touch targets.
        if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
            // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
            handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                    TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
        } else {
            // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
            // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
            TouchTarget predecessor = null;
            TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
            while (target != null) {
                final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                    handled = true;
                } else {
                    final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                            || intercepted;
                    if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                            target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                        handled = true;
                    }
                    if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_MOTION) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "dispatchTouchEvent middle 5: cancelChild = " + cancelChild
                                + ",mFirstTouchTarget = " + mFirstTouchTarget + ",target = "
                                + target + ",predecessor = " + predecessor + ",next = " + next
                                + ",this = " + this);
                    }
                    if (cancelChild) {
                        if (predecessor == null) {
                            mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                        } else {
                            predecessor.next = next;
                        }
                        target.recycle();
                        target = next;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                predecessor = target;
                target = next;
            }
        }

        // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
        if (canceled
                || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
            resetTouchState();
        } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
            final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
            final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
            removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
        }
    }

    if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
        mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
    }
    return handled;
}

这里主要看看dispatchTransformedTouchEvent 方法是如何调度子元素dispatchTouchEvent 方法的。

   /**
     * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
     * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
     * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
     */
    private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;

        // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
        // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_MOTION) {
            Log.d(TAG, "dispatchTransformedTouchEvent 1: event = " + event + ",cancel = "
                    + cancel + ",oldAction = " + oldAction + ",desiredPointerIdBits = "
                    + desiredPointerIdBits + ",mFirstTouchTarget = " + mFirstTouchTarget
                    + ",child = " + child + ",this = " + this);
        }

//如果事件被取消
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            
            //如果没有子元素
            if (child == null) {
               //那么就直接调用父类的dispatchTouchEvent   ，注意，这里的父类终会为View类
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
               //如果有子元素则传递cancel事件
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }

        // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
       //计算即将被传递的点的数量
        final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
        final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;

        // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
        // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
       //如果事件没有相应的点，那么就丢弃该事件
        if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
            Log.i(TAG, "Dispatch transformed touch event without pointers in " + this);
            return false;
        }

        // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
        // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
        // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
        // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
      //声明临时变量保存坐标转换后的MotionEvent
        final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
      //如果事件点的数量一致
        if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
            //子元素为空或者子元素有一个单位矩阵
            if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                //再次区分子元素为空的情况
                if (child == null) {
                    //为空则调用父类dispatchTouchEvent
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                     //否则尝试获取xy方向上的偏移量（如果通过scrollTo或scrollBy对子视图进行滚动的话）
                    final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                    final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                //将MotionEvent进行坐标变换
                    event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
//再将变换后的MotionEvent传递给子元素
                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
//复位MotionEvent以便之后再次使用
                    event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                }
               //如果通过以上的逻辑判断，当前事件被持有则可以直接返回。
                return handled;
            }
            transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
        } else {
            transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
        }

        // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
        if (child == null) {
            handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        } else {
            final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
            final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
            transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
            if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
            }

            handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        }

        if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_MOTION) {
            Log.d(TAG, "dispatchTransformedTouchEvent 3 to child " + child + ",handled = "
                    + handled + ",mScrollX = " + mScrollX + ",mScrollY = " + mScrollY
                    + ",mFirstTouchTarget = " + mFirstTouchTarget + ",transformedEvent = "
                    + transformedEvent + ",this = " + this);
        }

        // Done.
        transformedEvent.recycle();
        return handled;
    }

 

ViewGroup事件投递的递归调用就类似于一条责任链，一旦其寻找到责任者，那么将由责任者持有并消费掉该次事件，具体的体现在View的onTouchEvent方法中返回值的设置，如果onTouchEvent返回false，那么意味着当前View不会是该次事件的责任人，将不会对其持有，如果为true则相反，此时View会持有该事件并不再向外传递。

责任链模式与其说在Android中应用不如说在Java中的应用，毕竟上层应用大多都是基于Java的，而设计模式也是针对Java的，可以使用责任链模式替代各种条件分支或条件判断语句，不过多数情况下是多此一举。我们知道Broadcast可以被分为两种，一种是Normal Broadcast普通广播，另一种是Ordered Broadcast 有序广播，普通广播是异步的，发出时可以被所有的接收者收到。

而有序广播则是根据优先级依次传播的，直到有接收者将其终止或所有接收者都不终止它，有序广播的这一特性与责任链模式接近，通过它可以实现一种全局责任链事件处理。

 

参考《Android源码设计模式》