手动创建、构建并安装android项目

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-05 14:36:11 发布

zhangzeyuaaa

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-05 14:36:11 发布

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分类专栏： Android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhangzeyuaaa/article/details/40047585

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创建项目

创建一个项目，命名为HelloWorld：

E:\soft\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20131030\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20131030\sdk\tools>android create project -n HelloWorld -t 9 -p E:/HelloWorld -k com.zzj.helloworld -a Helloworld

上面的命令中，-n指定项目的名称，-t指定android平台，-p指定项目存放路径，-k指定项目包名，-a指定Activity名称。

使用命令 android list targets 可查看可选的android平台：

E:\soft\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20131030\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20131030\sdk\tools>android list targets
Available Android targets:
----------
id: 1 or "android-4"
     Name: Android 1.6
     Type: Platform
     API level: 4
     Revision: 3
     Skins: HVGA, QVGA, WVGA800 (default), WVGA854
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 2 or "android-8"
     Name: Android 2.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 8
     Revision: 3
     Skins: HVGA, QVGA, WQVGA400, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), WVGA854
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 3 or "android-10"
     Name: Android 2.3.3
     Type: Platform
     API level: 10
     Revision: 2
     Skins: HVGA, QVGA, WQVGA400, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), WVGA854
     ABIs : armeabi, x86
----------
id: 4 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:10"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 2
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 2.3.3 (API level 10)
     Libraries:
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 5 or "android-14"
     Name: Android 4.0
     Type: Platform
     API level: 14
     Revision: 3
     Skins: HVGA, QVGA, WQVGA400, WQVGA432, WSVGA, WVGA800 (default), WVGA854, W
XGA720, WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 6 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:14"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 2
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.0 (API level 14)
     Libraries:
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, WSVGA, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default)
, QVGA, WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 7 or "android-16"
     Name: Android 4.1.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 16
     Revision: 4
     Skins: HVGA, QVGA, WQVGA400, WQVGA432, WSVGA, WVGA800 (default), WVGA854, W
XGA720, WXGA800, WXGA800-7in
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 8 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:16"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 3
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.1.2 (API level 16)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA
800 (default), QVGA, WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 9 or "android-17"
     Name: Android 4.2.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 17
     Revision: 2
     Skins: HVGA, QVGA, WQVGA400, WQVGA432, WSVGA, WVGA800 (default), WVGA854, W
XGA720, WXGA800, WXGA800-7in
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a, mips, x86
----------
id: 10 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:17"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 3
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.2.2 (API level 17)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA
800 (default), QVGA, WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 11 or "android-19"
     Name: Android 4.4.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 19
     Revision: 3
     Skins: HVGA, QVGA, WQVGA400, WQVGA432, WSVGA, WVGA800 (default), WVGA854, W
XGA720, WXGA800, WXGA800-7in
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 12 or "Google Inc.:Glass Development Kit Preview:19"
     Name: Glass Development Kit Preview
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 8
     Description: Preview of the Glass Development Kit
     Based on Android 4.4.2 (API level 19)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.glass (gdk.jar)
          APIs for Glass Development Kit Preview
     Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA
800 (default), QVGA, WXGA800
     ABIs : no ABIs.
----------
id: 13 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:19"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 5
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.4.2 (API level 19)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA
800 (default), QVGA, WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 14 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs (x86 System Image):19"
     Name: Google APIs (x86 System Image)
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 5
     Description: Android x86 + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.4.2 (API level 19)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA854, WQVGA400, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA
800 (default), QVGA, WXGA800
     ABIs : x86

可以看到，9对应的target是android-17，也就是Android 4.2.2。

项目目录结构如下图：

生成了ant.properties和build.xml两个文件，可见可以用ant构建该项目。

构建、打包、安装以及卸载APK

注：先确认安装了ant。

进入到项目的根目录下，运行命令ant：

E:\HelloWorld>ant
Buildfile: E:\HelloWorld\build.xml

help:
     [echo] Android Ant Build. Available targets:
     [echo]    help:      Displays this help.
     [echo]    clean:     Removes output files created by other targets.
     [echo]               This calls the same target on all dependent projects.
     [echo]               Use 'ant nodeps clean' to only clean the local project

     [echo]    debug:     Builds the application and signs it with a debug key.
     [echo]               The 'nodeps' target can be used to only build the
     [echo]               current project and ignore the libraries using:
     [echo]               'ant nodeps debug'
     [echo]    release:   Builds the application. The generated apk file must be

     [echo]               signed before it is published.
     [echo]               The 'nodeps' target can be used to only build the
     [echo]               current project and ignore the libraries using:
     [echo]               'ant nodeps release'
     [echo]    instrument:Builds an instrumented package and signs it with a
     [echo]               debug key.
     [echo]    test:      Runs the tests. Project must be a test project and
     [echo]               must have been built. Typical usage would be:
     [echo]                   ant [emma] debug install test
     [echo]    emma:      Transiently enables code coverage for subsequent
     [echo]               targets.
     [echo]    install:   Installs the newly build package. Must either be used
     [echo]               in conjunction with a build target (debug/release/
     [echo]               instrument) or with the proper suffix indicating
     [echo]               which package to install (see below).
     [echo]               If the application was previously installed, the
     [echo]               application is reinstalled if the signature matches.
     [echo]    installd:  Installs (only) the debug package.
     [echo]    installr:  Installs (only) the release package.
     [echo]    installi:  Installs (only) the instrumented package.
     [echo]    installt:  Installs (only) the test and tested packages (unless
     [echo]               nodeps is used as well.
     [echo]    uninstall: Uninstalls the application from a running emulator or
     [echo]               device. Also uninstall tested package if applicable
     [echo]               unless 'nodeps' is used as well.

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 0 seconds

从上可以看出，android项目提供的build.xml文件包含如下常用命令生成target：

1.clean。清除项目生成的内容，恢复原来的样子。

2.debug。生成一个调试用的APK包，使用debug key进行签名。

3.release。打包一个发布用的APK（需要提供签名，否则不会生成Apk文件）。

4.test。运行测试。

5.install。将Apk安装到模拟器上。

6.uninstall。从模拟器上卸载应用。

下面我们生成一个调试用的APK。

E:\HelloWorld>ant debug

执行该命令后，在项目的根目录下生成了gen子目录，里面包含了R.java文件；在bin目录下生成Apk文件：

执行安装命令：

E:\HelloWorld>ant debug install

部分输出信息：

debug:

install:
     [echo] Installing E:\HelloWorld\bin\HelloWorld-debug.apk onto default emulator or device...
     [exec]     pkg: /data/local/tmp/HelloWorld-debug.apk
     [exec] Success
     [exec] 2316 KB/s (37068 bytes in 0.015s)

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 10 seconds

卸载：

E:\HelloWorld>ant uninstall
Buildfile: E:\HelloWorld\build.xml

-check-env:
 [checkenv] Android SDK Tools Revision 22.3.0
 [checkenv] Installed at E:\soft\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20131030\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20131030\sdk

-setup:
     [echo] Project Name: HelloWorld
  [gettype] Project Type: Application

uninstall:
     [echo] Uninstalling com.zzj.helloworld from the default emulator or device...
     [exec] Success

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 2 seconds