如果用Qt写程序作为上位机,然后通过和usb和下位机通信的时候,就需要用到Qt中的串口通信了。
使用Qt中的串口通信的时候需要用到的两个头文件分别为:
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPort>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo>
除了加上面两个头文件之外,还需要在工程文件中加下面一行代码:
QT += serialport
一般都需要先定义一个全局的串口对象,在头文件中添加上:
QSerialPort *serial;
一般来讲Qt串口通信需要经过7步:
1、设置串口名(如COM1):
serial = new QSerialPort;
serial->setPortName(ui->PortBox->currentText());
也可以用自动寻找可用串口的方法进行自动设置:
foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
{
QSerialPort serial;
serial.setPort(info);
if(serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
{
ui->PortBox->addItem(serial.portName());
serial.close();
}
}
2、打开串口
serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);
3、设置波特率(如115200)
serial->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200);
4、设置数据位(如8)
serial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);//设置数据位8
5、设置校验位(如0)
serial->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity); //校验位设置为0
6、设置停止位(如1)
serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);//停止位设置为1
7、设置流控制
serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);//设置为无流控制
下面是对数据的发送和接收:
1、连接数据接收槽函数,下位机中一有数据发送过来的时候就会响应这个槽函数
QObject::connect(serial,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&MainWindow::ReadData);
2、从上位机发送数据到下位机
serial->write(ui->textEdit_2->toPlainText().toLatin1());
下面是完整的工程文件:
demo.pro:
#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2018-10-01T15:23:39
#
#-------------------------------------------------
QT += core gui
QT += serialport
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
TARGET = demo
TEMPLATE = app
# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which has been marked as deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
SOURCES += \
main.cpp \
mainwindow.cpp
HEADERS += \
mainwindow.h
FORMS += \
mainwindow.ui
mainwindow.h:
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPort>
#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo>
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
~MainWindow();
private slots:
void on_OpenSerialButton_clicked();
void ReadData();
void on_SendButton_clicked();
void on_ClearButton_clicked();
private:
Ui::MainWindow *ui;
QSerialPort *serial;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
mainwindow.cpp:
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
//查找可用的串口
foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
{
QSerialPort serial;
serial.setPort(info);
if(serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
{
ui->PortBox->addItem(serial.portName());
serial.close();
}
}
//设置波特率下拉菜单默认显示第0项
ui->BaudBox->setCurrentIndex(0);
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
delete ui;
}
void MainWindow::on_OpenSerialButton_clicked()
{
if(ui->OpenSerialButton->text() == tr("打开串口"))
{
serial = new QSerialPort;
//设置串口名
serial->setPortName(ui->PortBox->currentText());
//打开串口
serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);
//设置波特率
serial->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200);//设置波特率为115200
//设置数据位数
switch (ui->BitBox->currentIndex())
{
case 8:
serial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);//设置数据位8
break;
default:
break;
}
//设置校验位
switch (ui->ParityBox->currentIndex())
{
case 0:
serial->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
break;
default:
break;
}
//设置停止位
switch (ui->BitBox->currentIndex())
{
case 1:
serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);//停止位设置为1
break;
case 2:
serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop);
default:
break;
}
//设置流控制
serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);//设置为无流控制
//关闭设置菜单使能
ui->PortBox->setEnabled(false);
ui->BaudBox->setEnabled(false);
ui->BitBox->setEnabled(false);
ui->ParityBox->setEnabled(false);
ui->StopBox->setEnabled(false);
ui->OpenSerialButton->setText(tr("关闭串口"));
//连接信号槽
QObject::connect(serial,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&MainWindow::ReadData);
}
else
{
//关闭串口
serial->clear();
serial->close();
serial->deleteLater();
//恢复设置使能
ui->PortBox->setEnabled(true);
ui->BaudBox->setEnabled(true);
ui->BitBox->setEnabled(true);
ui->ParityBox->setEnabled(true);
ui->StopBox->setEnabled(true);
ui->OpenSerialButton->setText(tr("打开串口"));
}
}
//读取接收到的信息
void MainWindow::ReadData()
{
QByteArray buf;
buf = serial->readAll();
if(!buf.isEmpty())
{
QString str = ui->textEdit->toPlainText();
str+=tr(buf);
ui->textEdit->clear();
ui->textEdit->append(str);
}
buf.clear();
}
//发送按钮槽函数
void MainWindow::on_SendButton_clicked()
{
serial->write(ui->textEdit_2->toPlainText().toLatin1());
}
void MainWindow::on_ClearButton_clicked()
{
ui->textEdit->clear();
}
main.cpp:
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
MainWindow w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
mainwindow.ui(代码不能直接编辑,需要通过Ui界面来进行编辑):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
<class>MainWindow</class>
<widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>0</x>
<y>0</y>
<width>568</width>
<height>526</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="windowTitle">
<string>MainWindow</string>
</property>
<widget class="QWidget" name="centralWidget">
<widget class="QPushButton" name="OpenSerialButton">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>90</x>
<y>400</y>
<width>111</width>
<height>61</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>打开串口</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>220</x>
<y>10</y>
<width>191</width>
<height>301</height>
</rect>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QPushButton" name="SendButton">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>430</x>
<y>340</y>
<width>131</width>
<height>61</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>发送</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>10</x>
<y>10</y>
<width>61</width>
<height>51</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>串口</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_3">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>10</x>
<y>130</y>
<width>71</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>数据位</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_4">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>10</x>
<y>190</y>
<width>71</width>
<height>31</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>校验位</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_5">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>10</x>
<y>260</y>
<width>71</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>停止位</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_2">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>10</x>
<y>70</y>
<width>61</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>波特率</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QComboBox" name="PortBox">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>90</x>
<y>10</y>
<width>111</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QComboBox" name="BaudBox">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>90</x>
<y>70</y>
<width>111</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>9600</string>
</property>
</item>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>19200</string>
</property>
</item>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>38400</string>
</property>
</item>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>57600</string>
</property>
</item>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>115200</string>
</property>
</item>
</widget>
<widget class="QComboBox" name="BitBox">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>90</x>
<y>130</y>
<width>111</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>8</string>
</property>
</item>
</widget>
<widget class="QComboBox" name="ParityBox">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>90</x>
<y>190</y>
<width>111</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>0</string>
</property>
</item>
</widget>
<widget class="QComboBox" name="StopBox">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>90</x>
<y>260</y>
<width>111</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<item>
<property name="text">
<string>1</string>
</property>
</item>
</widget>
<widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit_2">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>220</x>
<y>340</y>
<width>191</width>
<height>61</height>
</rect>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QPushButton" name="ClearButton">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>90</x>
<y>320</y>
<width>111</width>
<height>61</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>清空接收区</string>
</property>
</widget>
</widget>
<widget class="QMenuBar" name="menuBar">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>0</x>
<y>0</y>
<width>568</width>
<height>17</height>
</rect>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QToolBar" name="mainToolBar">
<attribute name="toolBarArea">
<enum>TopToolBarArea</enum>
</attribute>
<attribute name="toolBarBreak">
<bool>false</bool>
</attribute>
</widget>
<widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusBar"/>
</widget>
<layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/>
<resources/>
<connections/>
</ui>
上面就是运行的结果。