Servlet与Jsp的学习（内含验证码的操作）

1. ServletContext对象

1.1 概述

ServletContext 对象代表整个web应用，可以和程序的容器（服务器进行通信）。

1.2 获取该对象

1. 通过Request对象获取
   • request.getServletContext()
2. 通过HttpServlet获取(实际是他的父类实现了该方法)
   • this.getServletContext()

演示案例：

@WebServlet("/scd")
public class ServletContextDemo extends HttpServlet {
   

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        ServletContext servletContext1 = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext);
        System.out.println(servletContext1);
        System.out.println(servletContext == servletContext1);
        //两种方式获取的是一个ServletContext对象
    }
}

1.3 功能

1. 获取MIME类型：

• MIME 类型：在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
• 格式：大数据类型/小数据类型 比如：text / html , image/jpeg
• 获取：String getMimeType(String file):通过文件名（包含扩展名）获取MIME的值
  • 扩展名对应的MIME可以去tomcat — conf - web.xml中查看

演示案例：

@WebServlet("/scd2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
   

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        //定义一个文件名
        String fileName = "index.html";
        //获取MIME
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(fileName);
        System.out.println(mimeType);
    }
}

2. 域对象：可以共享数据

• 功能：所有域对象都有该功能

  • void setAttribute(String name,Object obj) : 存储数据
  • Object getAttitude(String name) : 通过键获取值
  • void removeAttribute(String name) : 通过键移除键值对

• 作用域：

  最大范围，所有用户的所有数据

演示案例：定义两个Servlet，不经过转发获取数据

@WebServlet("/scd3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
   

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        servletContext.setAttribute("info", "牛逼");
    }
}

@WebServlet("/scd4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
   

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        Object info = servletContext.getAttribute("info");
        System.out.println(info);
    }
}

3. 获取文件的服务器真实存储路

演示案例：

1. 分别在src,web,WEB-INF 下创建a.txt, b.txt , c.txt

1. 测试案例

@WebServlet("/scd6")
public class ServletContextDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
   

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        //获取web目录下的资源
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/b.txt"); 
        System.out.println(realPath);

        //获取WEB-INF下的资源:到文件夹中找对应文件对比着写. 
        realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");
        System.out.println(realPath);

        //src下的文件都会被放到WEB-INF下的classes路径中
        realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");
        System.out.