初窥Applet

下午在查Fourier近似时，在网页上看到一个小程序，给定一些函数，可以将傅里叶近似的结果用图像显示，可以和用户交互，如下图，一目了然（如果大学教育能多多地使用这种方式，那么学生会更能接受）。一时好奇，就想看看源代码，同时想把这个小程序保存在本地。

网页的地址是http://www.jhu.edu/signals/fourier2/index.html，通过查看网页的源代码，发现有这么一段

<center>
<table bgcolor="E0E0E0" border="1">
	<tr>
		<td>
<applet archive = FourierNew.jar code = FourierNew width = 480 height = 400></applet>
		</td>
	</tr>
</table>
</center>

1.   可以判断小程序代码在 FourierNew.jar 中，并且FourierNew.jar和网页在同一目录下，在地址栏中输入http://www.jhu.edu/signals/fourier2/FourierNew.jar 即可下载到FourierNew.jar.

2. 解压以后得到很多.class文件，可以使用jad + net.sf.jadclipse_3.3.0.jar将.class文件反编译得到相应的java文件，具体方法参见这里。这个演示小程序的java源代码见附录。

另外，有几个notes

1. Applet应用程序没用main方法，代之以public void init(); public void start(); public void stop(); public void destroy(); 

2. 在编写Applet程序时，首先必须引入java.applet.Applet包.

3. 编写一Applet程序时，一个类必须继承自Applet类，之后要复写里面的paint(Graphics g)方法.

4. Applet程序不能单独运行，必须嵌套在HTML中才可以使用。

5. 批量编译javac, 反编译jad,如 jad -o -r -s java -d src org/**/*.class，以及javac **.java

6. CODE=AppleFile提供包含Applet类的经编译后的扩展名为.class的文件

7. 可以将编译后的所有.class的文件打包成.jar文件，用 archive = FourierNew.jar提供，像本文开头那段html.

8. Applet既可以打开网页的方式执行，亦可以在命令行下用appletviewer  FileNmae.htm执行

附录 ：

//FourierNew.java

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class FourierNew extends Applet
{

    public FourierNew()
    {
    }

    public void init()
    {
        GridBagLayout gridbaglayout = new GridBagLayout();
        GridBagConstraints gridbagconstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        Panel panel1 = new Panel();
        Panel panel2 = new Panel();
        panel2.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
        setLayout(gridbaglayout);
        setSize(480, 400);
        gridbagconstraints.fill = 1;
        gridbagconstraints.gridx = 0;
        gridbagconstraints.weightx = 1.0D;
        gridbagconstraints.weighty = 1.0D;
        gridbaglayout.setConstraints(panel, gridbagconstraints);
        add(panel);
        gridbagconstraints.weighty = 1.0D;
        gridbaglayout.setConstraints(panel1, gridbagconstraints);
        add(panel1);
        panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        panel1.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        SigPanel sigpanel = new SigPanel();
        panel.add(sigpanel, "Center");
        SigControls sigcontrols = new SigControls(sigpanel);
        panel.add(sigcontrols, "East");
        panel.add(panel2, "North");
        FourierControls fouriercontrols = new FourierControls(sigpanel);
        panel1.add(fouriercontrols, "North");
        MagPanel magpanel = new MagPanel();
        panel1.add(magpanel, "Center");
        sigpanel.setControls(fouriercontrols, magpanel);
    }
}

//MagPanel.java
import java.awt.*;

class MagPanel extends Panel
{

    public MagPanel()
    {
        setup = false;
        setBackground(Color.white);
    }

    public Dimension minimumSize()
    {
        return new Dimension(150, 90);
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g)
    {
        if(!setup)
        {
            fImage = createImage(getSize().width, getSize().height);
            fGraphics = fImage.getGraphics();
            setup = true;
        }
        fGraphics.clearRect(0, 0, getSize().width, getSize().height);
        byte byte0 = 5;
        byte byte1 = 5;
        int i = getSize().width / 2 + 5;
        int j = i - 5;
        fGraphics.setColor(Color.lightGray);
        fGraphics.drawLine(byte1, 0, byte1, getSize().height);
        fGraphics.drawLine(0, getSize().height - 4, j, getSize().height - 4);
        fGraphics.drawLine(i, 0, i, getSize().height);
        fGraphics.drawLine(i, getSize().height - 4, getSize().width, getSize().height - 4);
        fGraphics.drawLine(i - 2, 4, i + 2, 4);
        fGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
        if(fMag != null)
        {
            for(int k = 0; k <= fCoefs; k++)
            {
                if(byte1 + byte0 * k <= j)
                {
                    fGraphics.setColor(Color.red);
                    fGraphics.drawLine(byte1 + byte0 * k, getSize().height - 4, byte1 + byte0 * k, getSize().height - 4 - fMag[k]);
                    fGraphics.drawLine(byte1 + byte0 * k + 1, getSize().height - 4, byte1 + byte0 * k + 1, getSize().height - 4 - fMag[k]);
                }
                fGraphics.setColor(Color.blue);
                fGraphics.drawLine(i + byte0 * k, getSize().height - 4, i + byte0 * k, getSize().height - 4 - fPhase[k]);
                fGraphics.drawLine(i + byte0 * k + 1, getSize().height - 4, i + byte0 * k + 1, getSize().height - 4 - fPhase[k]);
            }

        }
        fGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
        fGraphics.drawString("Magnitude spectrum", byte1 + 5, 13);
        fGraphics.drawString("Phase spectrum", i + 5, 13);
        g.drawImage(fImage, 0, 0, this);
    }

    public void set(int ai[], int ai1[], int i)
    {
        fMag = ai;
        fPhase = ai1;
        fCoefs = i;
        repaint();
    }

    public void update(Graphics g)
    {
        paint(g);
    }

    int fMag[];
    int fPhase[];
    boolean setup;
    int fSigLength;
    int fAmplitude;
    int fCoefs;
    Image fImage;
    Graphics fGraphics;
}


//SigControls.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

class SigControls extends Panel
    implements ActionListener
{

    public SigControls(SigPanel sigpanel)
    {
        rect = new Button("Rectangular Pulse");
        bipulse = new Button("Bipolar Pulse");
        saw = new Button("Sawtooth");
        tri = new Button("Triangle");
        exp = new Button("Exponential");
        noise = new Button("Noise");
        clear = new Button("Clear");
        panel = sigpanel;
        setLayout(new GridLayout(8, 2, 5, 5));
        setBackground(Color.lightGray);
        add(rect);
        add(bipulse);
        add(saw);
        add(tri);
        add(exp);
        add(noise);
        add(new Label());
        add(clear);
        rect.addActionListener(this);
        bipulse.addActionListener(this);
        saw.addActionListener(this);
        tri.addActionListener(this);
        exp.addActionListener(this);
        noise.addActionListener(this);
        clear.addActionListener(this);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionevent)
    {
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Exponential"))
            panel.doDecay();
        else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Noise"))
            panel.doNoise();
        else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Rectangular Pulse"))
            panel.doPulse();
        else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Bipolar Pulse"))
            panel.doDoublePulse();
        else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Triangle"))
            panel.doTriangle();
        else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Sawtooth"))
            panel.doSawtooth();
        else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Clear"))
            panel.clear();
    }

    public Insets insets()
    {
        return new Insets(3, 3, 3, 3);
    }

    Button rect;
    Button bipulse;
    Button saw;
    Button tri;
    Button exp;
    Button noise;
    Button clear;
    SigPanel panel;
}

//Signal.java
import java.awt.*;

class Signal
{

    public Signal(int i, int j, FourierControls fouriercontrols, MagPanel magpanel)
    {
        fourier = false;
        fSigLength = i;
        fAmplitude = j / 2;
        fFourierControls = fouriercontrols;
        fMagPanel = magpanel;
        x = new int[fSigLength];
        approxX = new int[fSigLength];
        doPulse();
    }

    public void Drag(int i, int j, int k, int l)
    {
        if(k == i)
            return;
        changed();
        if(i > k)
        {
            int i1 = i;
            i = k;
            k = i1;
            i1 = j;
            j = l;
            l = i1;
        }
        for(int j1 = i; j1 <= k; j1++)
            x[j1] = fAmplitude - (j + ((l - j) * (j1 - i)) / (k - i));

    }

    public void Draw(Graphics g)
    {
        g.setColor(Color.lightGray);
        g.drawLine(0, fAmplitude, fSigLength, fAmplitude);
        g.drawLine(fSigLength / 2, 0, fSigLength / 2, fAmplitude * 2);
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.drawString("One period of x(t)", 3, 13);
        g.setColor(Color.blue);
        for(int i = 1; i < fSigLength; i++)
            g.drawLine(i - 1, fAmplitude - x[i - 1], i, fAmplitude - x[i]);

        if(fourier)
        {
            g.setColor(Color.red);
            for(int j = 1; j < fSigLength; j++)
                g.drawLine(j - 1, fAmplitude - approxX[j - 1], j, fAmplitude - approxX[j]);

        }
    }

    public void Modify(int i, int j)
    {
        changed();
        x[i] = fAmplitude - j;
    }

    public void changed()
    {
        fourier = false;
        fFourierControls.disablePlusMinus();
        fMagPanel.set(null, null, 0);
    }

    public void doDecay()
    {
        double d = Math.sqrt(fAmplitude);
        double d1 = (-Math.log(d) * 2D) / (double)fSigLength;
        for(int i = 0; i < fSigLength; i++)
            x[i] = (int)(d * Math.exp(d1 * (double)(i - fSigLength / 2)));

        changed();
    }

    public void doDoublePulse()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < fSigLength; i++)
            if(i > (2 * fSigLength) / 3 && i < (fSigLength * 5) / 6)
                x[i] = (int)(0.80000000000000004D * (double)fAmplitude);
            else
            if(i > fSigLength / 6 && i < fSigLength / 3)
                x[i] = (int)(-0.80000000000000004D * (double)fAmplitude);
            else
                x[i] = 0;

        changed();
    }

    public void doNoise()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < fSigLength; i++)
            if(i % 8 == 0)
                x[i] = (int)(Math.random() * 2D * (double)fAmplitude - (double)fAmplitude);
            else
                x[i] = x[i - 1] + (int)(Math.random() * 6D - 3D);

        changed();
    }

    public void doPulse()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < fSigLength; i++)
            if(i > (3 * fSigLength) / 7 && i < (fSigLength * 4) / 7)
                x[i] = (int)(0.80000000000000004D * (double)fAmplitude);
            else
                x[i] = (int)(-0.80000000000000004D * (double)fAmplitude);

        changed();
    }

    public void doSawtooth()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < fSigLength; i++)
            x[i] = (int)(0.80000000000000004D * ((((double)(float)fAmplitude * 2D) / (double)fSigLength) * (double)(i - fSigLength / 2)));

        changed();
    }

    public void doTriangle()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < fSigLength; i++)
            x[i] = (int)(0.80000000000000004D * ((double)fAmplitude - (((double)fAmplitude * 4D) / (double)fSigLength) * (double)Math.abs(i - fSigLength / 2)));

        changed();
    }

    public void getCoefs(TextArea textarea)
    {
        textarea.setText("    Magnitude:       Phase:\n");
        for(int i = 0; i <= fCoefs; i++)
        {
            String s = String.valueOf(mag[i]);
            String s1 = String.valueOf(phase[i]);
            if(s.length() > 5)
                s = s.substring(0, 6);
            if(s1.length() > 5)
                s1 = s1.substring(0, 5);
            textarea.appendText(i + ".  " + s + "\t     " + s1 + "\n");
        }

    }

    public void go(int i)
    {
        fCoefs = i;
        double d = 6.2831853071795862D / (double)fSigLength;
        double ad[] = new double[i + 1];
        double ad1[] = new double[i + 1];
        mag = new double[i + 1];
        phase = new double[i + 1];
        for(int j = 0; j < fSigLength; j++)
            ad[0] += (double)x[j] * d;

        ad[0] /= 6.2831853071795862D;
        ad1[0] = 0.0D;
        mag[0] = Math.abs(ad[0]) / 2D;
        phase[0] = ad[0] < 0.0D && Math.abs(ad[0]) >= 1.0000000000000001E-005D ? 3.1415926535897931D : 0.0D;
        double d1 = mag[0];
        for(int k = 1; k <= i; k++)
        {
            for(int l = 0; l < fSigLength; l++)
            {
                double d2 = (double)(k * (l - fSigLength / 2)) * d;
                double d3 = (double)x[l] * d;
                ad[k] += d3 * Math.cos(d2);
                ad1[k] += d3 * Math.sin(d2);
            }

            ad[k] /= 3.1415926535897931D;
            ad1[k] /= 3.1415926535897931D;
            mag[k] = Math.sqrt(ad[k] * ad[k] + ad1[k] * ad1[k]);
            phase[k] = Math.atan((ad1[k] - ad1[k - 1]) / (ad[k] - ad[k - 1]));
            if(ad[k] < 0.0D)
                phase[k] = phase[k] + 3.1415926535897931D;
            if(phase[k] <= 0.10000000000000001D)
                phase[k] = 0.0D;
            if(mag[k] > d1)
                d1 = mag[k];
        }

        int ai[] = new int[i + 1];
        int ai1[] = new int[i + 1];
        for(int i1 = 0; i1 <= i; i1++)
        {
            if(mag.length == 1)
            {
                if(mag[i1] <= 1.0D)
                    ai[i1] = 0;
                else
                    ai[i1] = (int)((mag[i1] * (double)(fMagPanel.getSize().height - 8)) / (2D * d1));
            } else
            {
                ai[i1] = (int)((mag[i1] * (double)(fMagPanel.getSize().height - 8)) / d1);
            }
            ai1[i1] = (int)((phase[i1] * (double)(fMagPanel.getSize().height - 8)) / 6.2831853071795862D);
        }

        for(int j1 = 0; j1 < fSigLength; j1++)
        {
            double d4 = (double)(j1 - fSigLength / 2) * d;
            double d5 = ad[0];
            for(int k1 = 1; k1 <= i; k1++)
            {
                double d6 = (double)k1 * d4;
                d5 += ad[k1] * Math.cos(d6) + ad1[k1] * Math.sin(d6);
            }

            approxX[j1] = (int)d5;
        }

        fMagPanel.set(ai, ai1, i);
        fourier = true;
    }

    public void zero()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < fSigLength; i++)
            x[i] = 0;

        changed();
    }

    int fSigLength;
    int fAmplitude;
    int x[];
    int approxX[];
    double mag[];
    double phase[];
    boolean fourier;
    FourierControls fFourierControls;
    MagPanel fMagPanel;
    int fCoefs;
}


// SigPanel.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

class SigPanel extends Panel
    implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener
{

    public SigPanel()
    {
        prevX = 0;
        prevY = 0;
        setup = false;
        setBackground(Color.white);
        addMouseListener(this);
        addMouseMotionListener(this);
    }

    public void clear()
    {
        signal.zero();
        repaint();
    }

    public void doDecay()
    {
        signal.doDecay();
        repaint();
    }

    public void doDoublePulse()
    {
        signal.doDoublePulse();
        repaint();
    }

    public void doNoise()
    {
        signal.doNoise();
        repaint();
    }

    public void doPulse()
    {
        signal.doPulse();
        repaint();
    }

    public void doSawtooth()
    {
        signal.doSawtooth();
        repaint();
    }

    public void doTriangle()
    {
        signal.doTriangle();
        repaint();
    }

    public void getCoefs(TextArea textarea)
    {
        signal.getCoefs(textarea);
    }

    public void go(int i)
    {
        signal.go(i);
        repaint();
    }

    public Dimension minimumSize()
    {
        return new Dimension(300, 100);
    }

    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent mouseevent)
    {
        signal.Modify(mouseevent.getX(), mouseevent.getY());
        prevX = mouseevent.getX();
        prevY = mouseevent.getY();
        repaint();
    }

    public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent mouseevent)
    {
        signal.Drag(prevX, prevY, mouseevent.getX(), mouseevent.getY());
        prevX = mouseevent.getX();
        prevY = mouseevent.getY();
        repaint();
    }

    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent mouseevent)
    {
    }

    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent mouseevent)
    {
    }

    public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent mouseevent)
    {
    }

    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent mouseevent)
    {
    }

    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent mouseevent)
    {
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g)
    {
        if(!setup)
        {
            signal = new Signal(getSize().width, getSize().height, fFourierControls, fMagPanel);
            fImage = createImage(getSize().width, getSize().height);
            fGraphics = fImage.getGraphics();
            setup = true;
        }
        fGraphics.clearRect(0, 0, getSize().width, getSize().height);
        signal.Draw(fGraphics);
        g.drawImage(fImage, 0, 0, this);
    }

    public void setControls(FourierControls fouriercontrols, MagPanel magpanel)
    {
        fFourierControls = fouriercontrols;
        fMagPanel = magpanel;
    }

    public void update(Graphics g)
    {
        paint(g);
    }

    Signal signal;
    int prevX;
    int prevY;
    boolean setup;
    FourierControls fFourierControls;
    MagPanel fMagPanel;
    Image fImage;
    Graphics fGraphics;
}


//CoefFrame.java
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

class CoefFrame extends Frame
    implements WindowListener
{

    public CoefFrame(String s)
    {
        super(s);
        addWindowListener(this);
    }

    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent windowevent)
    {
    }

    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent windowevent)
    {
    }

    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent windowevent)
    {
        dispose();
    }

    public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent windowevent)
    {
    }

    public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent windowevent)
    {
    }

    public void windowIconified(WindowEvent windowevent)
    {
    }

    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent windowevent)
    {
    }

    FourierControls fPanel;
}

//FourierControls
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

class FourierControls extends Panel
    implements ActionListener
{

    public FourierControls(SigPanel sigpanel)
    {
        fNumCoefs = 10;
        fCoefField = new TextField("10", 3);
        fPlusButton = new Button("+");
        fMinusButton = new Button("-");
        fShowCoefsButton = new Button("Table");
        calculate = new Button("Calculate");
        panel = sigpanel;
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        setBackground(Color.lightGray);
        add(new Label("Fourier series coefficients:"));
        add(fCoefField);
        add(calculate);
        fWin = new CoefFrame("Fourier Series Coefficients");
        fWin.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        fTextArea = new TextArea(fNumCoefs, 50);
        fTextArea.setEditable(false);
        fTextArea.setFont(new Font("Courier", 0, 12));
        fWin.add("Center", fTextArea);
        fWin.resize(300, 200);
        Point point = location();
        fWin.move(point.x + 50, point.y + 50);
        disablePlusMinus();
        add(new Label(" "));
        add(fMinusButton);
        add(fPlusButton);
        add(new Label(" "));
        add(fShowCoefsButton);
        fMinusButton.addActionListener(this);
        fPlusButton.addActionListener(this);
        fShowCoefsButton.addActionListener(this);
        calculate.addActionListener(this);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionevent)
    {
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Calculate"))
            try
            {
                panel.go(fNumCoefs = Integer.parseInt(fCoefField.getText()));
                panel.getCoefs(fTextArea);
                fPlusButton.enable();
                fShowCoefsButton.enable();
                if(fNumCoefs >= 1)
                    fMinusButton.enable();
            }
            catch(NumberFormatException _ex) { }
        else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("Table"))
        {
            panel.getCoefs(fTextArea);
            fWin.show();
        } else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("+"))
        {
            fCoefField.setText((new Integer(++fNumCoefs)).toString());
            panel.go(fNumCoefs);
            panel.getCoefs(fTextArea);
            fMinusButton.enable();
        } else
        if(actionevent.getActionCommand().equals("-") && fNumCoefs >= 1)
        {
            fCoefField.setText((new Integer(--fNumCoefs)).toString());
            panel.go(fNumCoefs);
            panel.getCoefs(fTextArea);
            if(fNumCoefs == 0)
                fMinusButton.disable();
        }
    }

    public void disablePlusMinus()
    {
        fPlusButton.disable();
        fMinusButton.disable();
        fShowCoefsButton.disable();
        fTextArea.setText("");
    }

    SigPanel panel;
    int fNumCoefs;
    TextField fCoefField;
    Button fPlusButton;
    Button fMinusButton;
    Button fShowCoefsButton;
    Button calculate;
    TextArea fTextArea;
    Window fWin;
}

(来源 http://blog.csdn.net/zhaoyl03/article/details/8810940)