静态数据成员和静态成员函数

静态数据成员：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Box
{
   public:
      Box(int w,int l);
      int volume();
      static int height;
      int width;
      int length;
};
Box::Box(int w,int l)
{
   width=w;
   length=l;
}
int Box::volume()
{
   return (height*length*width);
}
int Box::height=10;//给静态数据成员初始化,静态数据成员为所有对象共有
int main()
{
   Box box1(12,23);
   Box box2(23,34);
   cout<<box1.height<<endl;
   cout<<box2.height<<endl;
   cout<<Box::height<<endl;//这是一大亮点
   cout<<"the volume1 is "<<box1.volume()<<endl;
   cout<<"the volume2 is "<<box2.volume()<<endl;
   system("pause");
   return 0;
}

静态成员函数：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{
   public:
      Student(int n = 0,int a = 0,float s = 0):num(n),age(a),score(s){}
      void total();
      static float average();//静态成员函数用来访问静态数据成员
   private:
      int num;
      int age;
      float score;
      static float sum;
      static int count;
};
void Student::total()
{
   sum += score;
   count ++;
}
float Student::average()//静态成员函数
{
   return (sum / count);
}
float Student::sum = 0.0;//形式类似于在类外定义一个成员函数，定义一个静态成员变量
int Student::count = 0;
int main()
{
   Student stu[4] = {//对象数组
   Student(1001, 18, 70),
   Student(1002, 19, 78),
   Student(1003, 20, 98),
   Student()
   };
   for(int i = 0;i < 4;i++)
      stu[i].total();
    cout<<"the average score of "<<"4"<<"students is"<<" "<<Student::average()<<endl;
   system("pause");
   return 0;
}