Android10 文件存储

概述

• 该篇代码部分是学习了 Android Q(10) 文件存储适配 后根据自身需要进行相应改写而成
• 以下内容基于Android 10（Q），即 targetSdkVersion > 28 的应用
• Android Q不再需要申请文件读写权限，默认可以读写自己沙盒文件和公共媒体文件。所以Q以上不需要再动态申请文件读写权限
• 因一直的学习方向与Android Camera相关，所以代码示例以存储图像为主
• apk安装路径为 /data/data/，沙盒路径 /sdcard/Android/data/xxx 不做操作安装的同时不会立即生成

存储图像至沙盒

/** storage location: sdcard/Android/data/packagename
 *
 * @param context
 * @param fileName
 * @param image
 * @param environmentType
 * @param dirName
 */
public static void saveImage2SandBox(Context context, String fileName, byte[] image, String environmentType, String dirName) {
    File standardDirectory;
    String dirPath;

    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(fileName) || 0 == image.length) {
        Log.e(TAG, "saveImage2SandBox: fileName is null or image is null!");
        return;
    }

    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(environmentType)) {
        standardDirectory = context.getExternalFilesDir(environmentType);
    } else {
        standardDirectory = context.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
    }

    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(dirName)) {
        dirPath = standardDirectory + "/" + dirName;
    } else {
        dirPath = String.valueOf(standardDirectory);
    }

    File imageFileDirctory = new File(dirPath);
    if (!imageFileDirctory.exists()) {
        if (!imageFileDirctory.mkdir()) {
            Log.e(TAG, "saveImage2SandBox: mkdir failed! Directory: " + dirPath);
            return;
        }
    }
    
//        if (queryImageFromSandBox(context, fileName, environmentType, dirName)) {
//            Log.e(TAG, "saveImage2SandBox: The file with the same name already exists！");
//            return;
//        }

    try {
        File imageFile = new File(dirPath + "/" + fileName);
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(imageFile);
        fileOutputStream.write(image);
        fileOutputStream.flush();
        fileOutputStream.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

沙盒中加载图像

/** storage location: sdcard/Android/data/packagename
 *
 * @param context
 * @param fileName
 * @param environmentType
 * @param dirName
 * @return
 */
public static byte[] loadImageFromSandBox(Context context, String fileName, String environmentType, String dirName) {
    String type;
    String dirPath;
    
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(fileName)) {
        Log.e(TAG, "loadImageFromSandBox: fileName is null");
        return null;
    }
    
    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(environmentType)) {
        type = environmentType;
    } else {
        type = Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES;
    }

    File standardDirectory = context.getExternalFilesDir(type);
    if (null == standardDirectory) {
        return null;
    }
    
    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(dirName)) {
        dirPath = standardDirectory + "/" + dirName;
    } else {
        dirPath = String.valueOf(standardDirectory);
    }
    
    File direction = new File(dirPath);
    File[] files = direction.listFiles();
    if (files != null) {
        for (File file : files) {
            String name = file.getName();   // 此处的文件名不带路径
            if (file.isFile() && fileName.equals(name)) {
                try {
                    InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                    byte[] image = new byte[inputStream.available()];
                    inputStream.read(image);
                    inputStream.close();
                    return image;
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

存储图像至公共目录

/**
 *
 * @param context
 * @param fileName just file name, not include path
 * @param image
 * @param subDir sub direction name, not absolute path
 */
public static void saveImage2Public(Context context, String fileName, byte[] image, String subDir) {
    String subDirection;
    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subDir)) {
        if (subDir.endsWith("/")) {
            subDirection = subDir.substring(0, subDir.length() - 1);
        } else {
            subDirection = subDir;
        }
    } else {
        subDirection = "DCIM";
    }

    Cursor cursor = searchImageFromPublic(context, subDir, fileName);
    if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
        try {
            int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID));                     // uri的id，用于获取图片
            Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "" + id);
            Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, id);
            if (uri != null) {
                OutputStream outputStream = context.getContentResolver().openOutputStream(uri);
                if (outputStream != null) {
                    outputStream.write(image);
                    outputStream.flush();
                    outputStream.close();
                }
            }
            return;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    try {
        //设置保存参数到ContentValues中
        ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
        //设置文件名
        contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
        //兼容Android Q和以下版本
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            //android Q中不再使用DATA字段，而用RELATIVE_PATH代替
            //RELATIVE_PATH是相对路径不是绝对路径
            //关于系统文件夹可以到系统自带的文件管理器中查看，不可以写没存在的名字
            contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, subDirection);
            //contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Music/sample");
        } else {
            contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getPath());
        }
        //设置文件类型
        contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, "image/JPEG");
        //执行insert操作，向系统文件夹中添加文件
        //EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI代表外部存储器，该值不变
        Uri uri = context.getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, contentValues);
        if (uri != null) {
            //若生成了uri，则表示该文件添加成功
            //使用流将内容写入该uri中即可
            OutputStream outputStream = context.getContentResolver().openOutputStream(uri);
            if (outputStream != null) {
                outputStream.write(image);
                outputStream.flush();
                outputStream.close();
            }
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

公共目录加载图像

/**
 *
 * @param context
 * @param filePath relative path in Q, such as: "DCIM/" or "DCIM/dir_name/"
 *                 absolute path before Q
 * @return
 */
public static byte[] loadImageFromPublic(Context context, String filePath, String fileName) {
    Cursor cursor = searchImageFromPublic(context, filePath, fileName);

    try {
        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            //循环取出所有查询到的数据
            do {
                //一张图片的基本信息
                int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID));                     // uri的id，用于获取图片
                String path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH));   // 图片的相对路径
                String type = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE));       // 图片类型
                String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));    // 图片名字
                Log.d(TAG, "loadImageFromPublic: id = " + id);
                Log.d(TAG, "loadImageFromPublic: name = " + name);
                //根据图片id获取uri，这里的操作是拼接uri
                Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "" + id);
                //官方代码：
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, id);
                if (uri != null) {
                    byte[] image;
                    InputStream inputStream = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
                    if (null == inputStream || 0 == inputStream.available()) {
                        return null;
                    }
                    image = new byte[inputStream.available()];
                    inputStream.read(image);
                    inputStream.close();
                    return image;
                }
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }

        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.close();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
}

公共目录删除图像

/**
 *
 * @param context
 * @param filePath relative path in Q, such as: "DCIM/" or "DCIM/dir_name/"
 *                 absolute path before Q
 * @return
 */
public static void deleteImageFromPublic(Context context, String filePath, String fileName) {
    Cursor cursor = searchImageFromPublic(context, filePath, fileName);

    if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
        do {
            int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID));                     // uri的id，用于获取图片
//                String path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH));   // 图片的相对路径
//                String type = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE));       // 图片类型
//                String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));    // 图片名字
            context.getContentResolver().delete(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + " LIKE ?", new String[]{String.valueOf(id)});
        }while (cursor.moveToNext());
    }

    if (cursor != null) {
        cursor.close();
    }
}

公共目录查询图像

/**
 *
 * @param context
 * @param filePath relative path in Q, such as: "DCIM/" or "DCIM/dir_name/"
 *                 absolute path before Q
 * @return
 */
private static Cursor searchImageFromPublic(Context context, String filePath, String fileName) {
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(fileName)) {
        Log.e(TAG, "searchImageFromPublic: fileName is null");
        return null;
    }
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) {
        filePath = "DCIM/";
    } else {
        if (!filePath.endsWith("/")) {
            filePath = filePath + "/";
        }
    }

    //兼容androidQ和以下版本
    String queryPathKey = android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q ? MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH : MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
    String selection = queryPathKey + "=? and " + MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME + "=?";
    Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
            new String[]{MediaStore.Images.Media._ID, queryPathKey, MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME},
            selection,
            new String[]{filePath, fileName},
            null);

    return cursor;
}

存储普通文件至公共目录

/** 读写普通文件，例如txt
 *
 * @param context
 * @param fileName just file name, not include path
 * @param image
 * @param subDir sub direction name, not absolute path
 */
public static void saveTxt2Public(Context context, String fileName, String content, String subDir) {
    String subDirection;
    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subDir)) {
        if (subDir.endsWith("/")) {
            subDirection = subDir.substring(0, subDir.length() - 1);
        } else {
            subDirection = subDir;
        }
    } else {
        subDirection = "Documents";
    }

    Cursor cursor = searchTxtFromPublic(context, subDir, fileName);
    if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
        try {
            int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID));                     
            Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Files.getContentUri(MediaStore.VOLUME_EXTERNAL), "" + id);
            Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MediaStore.Files.getContentUri(MediaStore.VOLUME_EXTERNAL), id);
            if (uri != null) {
                OutputStream outputStream = context.getContentResolver().openOutputStream(uri);
                if (outputStream != null) {
                    outputStream.write(content.getBytes());
                    outputStream.flush();
                    outputStream.close();
                }
            }
            return;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    try {
        ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
        contentValues.put(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            contentValues.put(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, subDirection);
        } else {

        }
        //设置文件类型
        contentValues.put(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_NONE);
        Uri uri = context.getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Files.getContentUri(MediaStore.VOLUME_EXTERNAL), contentValues);
        if (uri != null) {
            OutputStream outputStream = context.getContentResolver().openOutputStream(uri);
            if (outputStream != null) {
                outputStream.write(content.getBytes());
                outputStream.flush();
                outputStream.close();
            }
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

公共目录查询普通文件

/**
 *
 * @param context
 * @param filePath relative path in Q, such as: "DCIM/" or "DCIM/dir_name/"
 *                 absolute path before Q
 * @return
 */
private static Cursor searchTxtFromPublic(Context context, String filePath, String fileName) {
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(fileName)) {
        Log.e(TAG, "searchTxtFromPublic: fileName is null");
        return null;
    }
    if (!filePath.endsWith("/")) {
        filePath = filePath + "/";
    }

    String queryPathKey = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.RELATIVE_PATH;
    String selection = queryPathKey + "=? and " + MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME + "=?";
    Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Files.getContentUri(MediaStore.VOLUME_EXTERNAL),
            new String[]{MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID, queryPathKey, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME},
            selection,
            new String[]{filePath, fileName},
            null);

    return cursor;
}

安装路径加载图像

/** storage location: /data/data/packagename
 *
 * @param filePath
 * @return
 */
public static byte[] loadImageFromSandBox2(String filePath) {
    byte[] image = null;
    try {
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
        image = new byte[inputStream.available()];
        inputStream.read(image);
        inputStream.close();
        return image;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return image;
}

存储图像至安装路径

/** storage location: /data/data/packagename
 *
 * @param filePath
 * @param image
 */
public static void saveImage2SandBox2(String filePath, byte[] image) {
    try {
        File imageFile = new File(filePath);
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(imageFile);
        fileOutputStream.write(image);
        fileOutputStream.flush();
        fileOutputStream.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}