Android Q(10) 文件存储适配

Android Q官方文档

Android Q 分区存储

1. Android Q文件存储机制修改成了沙盒模式，和IOS神似
2. 应用只能访问自己沙盒下的文件和公共媒体文件
3. 对于Android Q以下，还是使用老的文件存储方式

权限

Android Q不再需要申请文件读写权限，默认可以读写自己沙盒文件和公共媒体文件。所以，Q以上不需要再动态申请文件读写权限。

沙盒存储/读写

获取沙盒指定文件夹

//废弃方法
//不再用以下代码获取文件根目录了
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory();

//获取沙盒下的文件目录
//沙盒下的图片文件夹
File filePictures = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);

//Environment下的文件夹名称常量
//只需要调用，不需要创建，如果手机中没有对应的文件夹，则系统会自动生成
//以下为源码中的各个文件夹名称描述
 /**
     * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be
     * in the regular list of music for the user.
     * This may be combined with
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS},
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS}, and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series
     * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one
     * type.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_MUSIC = "Music";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be
     * in the list of podcasts that the user can select (not as regular
     * music).
     * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC},
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS},
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS}, and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series
     * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one
     * type.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_PODCASTS = "Podcasts";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be
     * in the list of ringtones that the user can select (not as regular
     * music).
     * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC},
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS}, and
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS} as a series
     * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one
     * type.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_RINGTONES = "Ringtones";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be
     * in the list of alarms that the user can select (not as regular
     * music).
     * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC},
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS}, {@link #DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS},
     * and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series
     * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one
     * type.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_ALARMS = "Alarms";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place any audio files that should be
     * in the list of notifications that the user can select (not as regular
     * music).
     * This may be combined with {@link #DIRECTORY_MUSIC},
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_PODCASTS},
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_ALARMS}, and {@link #DIRECTORY_RINGTONES} as a series
     * of directories to categories a particular audio file as more than one
     * type.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS = "Notifications";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place pictures that are available to
     * the user.  Note that this is primarily a convention for the top-level
     * public directory, as the media scanner will find and collect pictures
     * in any directory.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_PICTURES = "Pictures";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place movies that are available to
     * the user.  Note that this is primarily a convention for the top-level
     * public directory, as the media scanner will find and collect movies
     * in any directory.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_MOVIES = "Movies";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place files that have been downloaded by
     * the user.  Note that this is primarily a convention for the top-level
     * public directory, you are free to download files anywhere in your own
     * private directories.  Also note that though the constant here is
     * named DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS (plural), the actual file name is non-plural for
     * backwards compatibility reasons.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS = "Download";

    /**
     * The traditional location for pictures and videos when mounting the
     * device as a camera.  Note that this is primarily a convention for the
     * top-level public directory, as this convention makes no sense elsewhere.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_DCIM = "DCIM";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place documents that have been created by
     * the user.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS = "Documents";

    /**
     * Standard directory in which to place screenshots that have been taken by
     * the user. Typically used as a secondary directory under
     * {@link #DIRECTORY_PICTURES}.
     */
    public static String DIRECTORY_S