CString 是一种很特殊的 C++ 对象,它里面包含了三个值:一个指向某个数据缓冲区的指针、一个是该缓冲中有效的字符记数(它是不可存取的,是位于 CString 地址之下的一个隐藏区域)以及一个缓冲区长度。 有效字符数的大小可以是从0到该缓冲最大长度值减1之间的任何数(因为字符串结尾有一个NULL字符)。字符记数和缓冲区长度被巧妙隐藏。
(1) char*转换成CString
若将char*转换成CString,除了直接赋值外,还可使用CString::Format进行。例如:
char chArray[] = "Char test";
TCHAR * p = _T("Char test");( 或LPTSTR p = _T("Char test");)
CString theString = chArray;
theString.Format(_T("%s"), chArray);
theString = p;
(2) CString转换成char*
若将CString类转换成char*(LPSTR)类型,常常使用下列三种方法:
方法一,使用强制转换。例如:
CString theString( (_T("Char test "));
LPTSTR lpsz =(LPTSTR)(LPCTSTR)theString;
方法二,使用strcpy。例如:
CString theString( (_T("Char test "));
LPTSTR lpsz = new TCHAR[theString.GetLength()+1];
_tcscpy(lpsz, theString);
需要说明的是,strcpy(或可移值的_tcscpy)的第二个参数是 const wchar_t* (Unicode)或const char* (ANSI),系统编译器将会自动对其进行转换。
方法三,使用CString::GetBuffer。
如果你需要修改 CString 中的内容,它有一个特殊的方法可以使用,那就是 GetBuffer,它的作用是返回一个可写的缓冲指针。 如果你只是打算修改字符或者截短字符串,例如:
CString s(_T("Char test "));
LPTSTR p = s.GetBuffer();
LPTSTR dot = strchr(p, ''.'');
// 在这里添加使用p的代码
if(p != NULL)
*p = _T('');
s.ReleaseBuffer(); // 使用完后及时释放,以便能使用其它的CString成员函数
在 GetBuffer 和 ReleaseBuffer 之间这个范围,一定不能使用你要操作的这个缓冲的 CString 对象的任何方法。因为 ReleaseBuffer 被调用之前,该 CString 对象的完整性得不到保障。
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其它数据类型转换为字符串
1。短整型(int)
itoa(i,temp,10);///将i转换为字符串放入temp中,最后一个数字表示十进制
itoa(i,temp,2); ///按二进制方式转换
2。长整型(long)
ltoa(l,temp,10);
3。浮点数(float,double)
用fcvt可以完成转换,这是MSDN中的例子:
int decimal, sign;
char *buffer;
double source = 3.1415926535;
buffer = _fcvt( source, 7, &decimal, &sign );
运行结果:source: 3.1415926535 buffer: '31415927' decimal: 1 sign: 0
decimal表示小数点的位置,sign表示符号:0为正数,1为负数
4。CString变量
str = "2008北京奥运";
buf = (LPSTR)(LPCTSTR)str;
5。BSTR变量
BSTR bstrValue = ::SysAllocString(L"程序员");
char * buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrValue);
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);
6。CComBSTR变量
CComBSTR bstrVar("test");
char *buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrVar.m_str);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);
7。_bstr_t变量
_bstr_t类型是对BSTR的封装,因为已经重载了=操作符,所以很容易使用
_bstr_t bstrVar("test");
const char *buf = bstrVar;///不要修改buf中的内容
AfxMessageBox(buf);
8。通用方法(针对非COM数据类型)
用sprintf完成转换
char buffer[200];
char c = '1';
int i = 35;
long j = 1000;
float f = 1.7320534f;
sprintf( buffer, "%c",c);
sprintf( buffer, "%d",i);
sprintf( buffer, "%d",j);
sprintf( buffer, "%f",f);
字符串转换实例
各种 C++ 字符串类型转换(char *、wchar_t*、_bstr_t、CComBSTR、CString、basic_string 和 System.String)
本主题演示如何将各种 C++ 字符串类型转换为其他字符串。可以转换的字符串类型包括 char *、wchar_t*、_bstr_t、CComBSTR、CString、basic_string 和 System.String。在所有情况下,在将字符串转换为新类型时,都会创建字符串的副本。对新字符串进行的任何更改都不会影响原始字符串,反之亦然。
从 char * 转换
示例
说明
此示例演示如何从 char * 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_char.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
char *orig = "Hello, World!";
cout << orig << " (char *)" << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring(orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}输出
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)从 wchar_t * 转换
示例
说明
此示例演示如何从 wchar_t * 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_wchar_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
wchar_t *orig = L"Hello, World!";
wcout << orig << L" (wchar_t *)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
size_t origsize = wcslen(orig) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
char nstring[newsize];
wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(orig);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}输出
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)从 _bstr_t 转换
示例
说明
此示例演示如何从 _bstr_t 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_bstr_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
_bstr_t orig("Hello, World!");
wcout << orig << " (_bstr_t)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, (char *)orig);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, (wchar_t *)orig);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr((char *)orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring((char *)orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring((char *)orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String((char *)orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}输出
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)从 CComBSTR 转换
示例
说明
此示例演示如何从 CComBSTR 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_ccombstr.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
int main()
{
CComBSTR orig("Hello, World!");
CW2A printstr(orig);
cout << printstr << " (CComBSTR)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
CW2A tmpstr1(orig);
strcpy_s(nstring, tmpstr1);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, orig);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(orig);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}输出
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)从 CString 转换
示例
说明
此示例演示如何从 CString 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_cstring.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
CString orig("Hello, World!");
wcout << orig << " (CString)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, orig);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
// You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
string basicstring(orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}输出
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)从 basic_string 转换
示例
说明
此示例演示如何从 basic_string 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_basic_string.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
string orig("Hello, World!");
cout << orig << " (basic_string)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, orig.c_str());
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
// You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
size_t origsize = strlen(orig.c_str()) + 1;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig.c_str(), _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig.c_str());
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig.c_str());
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig.c_str());
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig.c_str());
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}输出
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (System::String)从 System::String 转换
示例
说明
此示例演示如何从 System.String 转换为上面列出的其他字符串类型。
// convert_from_system_string.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
int main()
{
String ^orig = gcnew String("Hello, World!");
Console::WriteLine("{0} (System::String)", orig);
pin_ptr<const wchar_t> wch = PtrToStringChars(orig);
// Convert to a char*
size_t origsize = wcslen(wch) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
char nstring[newsize];
wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, wch, _TRUNCATE);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, wch);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(wch);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(wch);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(wch);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(wch);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
delete orig;
}输出
Hello, World! (System::String)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)