java设计模式(Design Pattern) — 单例模式(Singleton Pattern)

本文参考ImportNew中的文章：http://www.importnew.com/6662.html

单例模式是java中常使用的一种设计模式，通过阻止外部实例化来修改，来控制所建对象的数量。

单例模式的特点：

1. 构造函数私有化；

2. 建立自己私有化的实例；

3. 创建公共静态方法，为外界提供调用单一实例的接口。

下面看一个单例模式的例子：

Singleton Class: 采用单例模式

package com.base;

public class Singleton {

	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	
	private Singleton(){}
	private static Singleton singleTon = null;  
	public static Singleton getSingleTon(){
		if(singleTon == null) {
			singleTon = new Singleton();
		}
		
		return singleTon;
	}
	
	public void getInfo() {
		System.out.println("output message " + name);
	}
	
}

NormalClass: 没有采用单例模式

package com.base;

public class NormalClass {

	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public NormalClass() {}

	public void getInfo() {
		System.out.println("output message " + name);
	}
}

Main Method: 清楚的看到差异

package com.base;

public class TestSingleTon {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Singleton sing = Singleton.getSingleTon();
		sing.setName("Peter");
		System.out.println(sing.getName());
		
		Singleton sing_2 = Singleton.getSingleTon();
		sing_2.setName("Peter");
		System.out.println(sing_2.getName());
		
		sing.getInfo();
		sing_2.getInfo();
		
		if(sing == sing_2) {
			System.out.println("They are the same instance.");
		} else if(sing != sing_2) {
			System.out.println("They are different.");
		} else {
			System.out.println("application error");
		}
		
		System.out.println();
				
		NormalClass normal = new NormalClass();
		normal.setName("Tom");
		System.out.println(normal.getName());
		
		NormalClass normal_2 = new NormalClass();
		normal_2.setName("Tom");
		System.out.println(normal_2.getName());
		
		normal.getInfo();
		normal_2.getInfo();
		
		if(normal == normal_2) {
			System.out.println("They are the same instance: Tom.");
		} else if(normal != normal_2) {
			System.out.println("They are different: Tom.");
		} else {
			System.out.println("application error: Tom.");
		}
	}
}

对比输出结果：

Peter
Peter
output message Peter
output message Peter
They are the same instance.

Tom
Tom
output message Tom
output message Tom
They are different: Tom.