一、模块介绍
模块内置单片机,通过单总线协议通信
查看手册,5v供电,间隔1秒采集信息
二、程序思路
用dely函数实现ms延时,再百度一段hal库us延时代码
如果想延时采集数据不阻塞程序运行,可以用定时器加中断实现数据的读取
这里为了方便,只是用hal库自带的延时函数来实现
下面附上us延时函数,直接用就好
#ifndef _DELAY_H
#define _DELAY_H
#include <stdint.h>
void delay_us(uint32_t delay);
#endif
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "delay.h"
void delay_us(uint32_t delay)
{
uint32_t startval,tickn,delays,wait;
startval = SysTick->VAL;
tickn = HAL_GetTick();
//sysc = 72000; //SystemCoreClock / (1000U / uwTickFreq);
delays = delay * 72; //sysc / 1000 * udelay;
if(delays > startval)
{
while(HAL_GetTick() == tickn){}
wait = 72000 + startval - delays;
while(wait < SysTick->VAL){}
}
else
{
wait = startval - delays;
while(wait < SysTick->VAL && HAL_GetTick() == tickn){}
}
}
看数据手册中的单总线通信协议
三、cubemx配置
在这个单总线通信中,需要用到us延迟,hal库并没有直接提供
我们用定时器来实现这个功能
1、配置定时器
delay_us函数
#include "delay_us.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
void delay_us(int delay_time)
{
int cnt = 0xffff - delay_time;
__HAL_TIM_SetCounter(&htim7,cnt);
HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim7);
while(cnt < 0xffff)
{
cnt = __HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim7);
}
HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(&htim7);
}
写了一个串口调试函数,可以在调试的时候知道程序在哪一步卡住了
cubemx配置就不放上来了,串口打开异步模式就好
串口调试函数
void UART_test(int i)
{
char UART_TX_Buf[10] = { 0 };
sprintf(UART_TX_Buf,"step%d\r\n",i);
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)UART_TX_Buf,strlen(UART_TX_Buf),0xffff);
}
2、开始写单总线通信协议
首先看一下时序图
开始信号
配套代码
uint8_t dht11_start(void)
{
int retry = 0;
SET_DHT11_OUTPUT_MODE();//将通信引脚设置为开漏输出,加上拉电阻
SET_DHT11_PIN(0);//拉低通知DHT11
//ÀµÍÖÁÉÙ18ms
HAL_Delay(20);
//拉高20到40us
SET_DHT11_PIN(1);
delay_us(30);
//设置为输入模式
SET_DHT11_INPUT_MODE();
//等待DHT11把电平拉低
while(GET_DHT11_PIN() && retry < 500)
{
retry++;
delay_us(1);
}
if(retry > 100)
{
return DHT11_ERROR;
}
retry = 0;
//等待DHT11释放线路,电平变高
while(!GET_DHT11_PIN() && retry < 100)
{
retry++;
delay_us(1);
}
if(retry >= 100)//ÀµÍÌ«¾ÃÁË
{
return DHT11_ERROR;
}
return DHT11_OK;
}
开始读取信息,根据高电平的时长来判断这一位是0 还是 1
配套程序
//¶ÁÈ¡Êý¾Ý
uint8_t dht11_read_data(uint8_t *buffer)
{
uint8_t i;
//一共5个字节数据,4个数据,一个校验
for(i = 0;i < 5; i++)
{
//UART_test(3);
buffer[i] = Read_byte();
}
if((buffer[0] + buffer[1] + buffer[2] + buffer[3]) == buffer[4])
{
return DHT11_OK;
}
else
{
return DHT11_ERROR;
}
}
static uint8_t Read_byte(void)
{
uint8_t dat = 0;
// 将一个字节的数据依次读出来,DHT11是从高位开始输出,所以从高位开始读取
for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
{
//UART_test(4);
dat |= Read_bit() << i;
}
return dat;
}
static uint8_t Read_bit(void)
{
int retry = 0;
while(GET_DHT11_PIN() && retry < 100)
{
retry++;
delay_us(1);
}//等待DHT11拉低总线,表明信号传输开始
retry = 0;
//等待电平变高
while(!GET_DHT11_PIN() && retry < 100)
{
retry++;
delay_us(1);
}
//判断高电平时间,到了40us就是1 ,没到就是0
delay_us(40);
return GET_DHT11_PIN();
}
最后读取完成,恢复设置
void dht11_stop(void)
{
//设置引脚开漏输出,配上拉电阻
SET_DHT11_OUTPUT_MODE();
SET_DHT11_PIN(1);//拉高总线
}
主函数
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
int ret = 0;
char UART_TX_Buf[50];
uint8_t DHT11_data_buf[5];
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_TIM7_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
//UART_test(1);
ret = dht11_start();
if(ret == DHT11_ERROR)
{
sprintf(UART_TX_Buf,"dht11 start failed\r\n");
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)UART_TX_Buf,strlen(UART_TX_Buf),0xffff);
HAL_Delay(1000);
continue;
}
//UART_test(2);
ret = dht11_read_data(DHT11_data_buf);
if(ret == DHT11_ERROR)
{
sprintf(UART_TX_Buf,"dht11 read data failed\r\n");
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)UART_TX_Buf,strlen(UART_TX_Buf),0xffff);
HAL_Delay(1000);
continue;
}
sprintf(UART_TX_Buf,"ʪ¶È £º%d%%RH , ÎÂ¶È £º%d ¶È\r\n",DHT11_data_buf[0],DHT11_data_buf[2]);
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)UART_TX_Buf,strlen(UART_TX_Buf),0xffff);
HAL_Delay(1000);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
记得读取间隔1s