Camera工作流程图
Camera的成像原理可以简单概括如下:
景物(SCENE)通过镜头(LENS)生成的光学图像投射到图像传感器(Sensor)表面上,然后转为电信号,经过A/D(模数转换)转换后变为数字图像信号,再送到数字信号处理芯片(DSP)中加工处理,再通过IO接口传输到CPU中处理,通过DISPLAY就可以看到图像了。
电荷耦合器件(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)接收光学镜头传递来的影像,经模/数转换器(A/D)转换成数字信号,经过编码后存储。
流程如下:
1)、CCD/CMOS将被摄体的光信号转变为电信号—电子图像(模拟信号)
2)、由模/数转换器(ADC)芯片来将模拟信号转化为数字信号
3)、数字信号形成后,由DSP或编码库对信号进行压缩并转化为特定的图像文件格式储存
数码相机的光学镜头与传统相机相同,将影像聚到感光器件上,即(光)电荷耦合器件(CCD) 。CCD替代了传统相机中的感光胶片的位置,其功能是将光信号转换成电信号,与电视摄像相同。
CCD是半导体器件,是数码相机的核心,其内含器件的单元数量决定了数码相机的成像质量——像素,单元越多,即像素数高,成像质量越好,通常情况下像素的高低代表了数码相机的档次和技术指标。
2、Android Camera框架
Android的Camera子系统提供一个拍照和录制视频的框架。
它将Camera的上层应用与Application Framework、用户库串接起来,而正是这个用户库来与Camera的硬件层通信,从而实现操作camera硬件。
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3.Camera HAL层部分
代码存放目录:hardware\rk29\camera
编译:
- LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES:=\
- CameraHal_Module.cpp\
- CameraHal.cpp\
- CameraHal_Utils.cpp\
- MessageQueue.cpp\
- CameraHal_Mem.cpp
- ...................
- ifeq ($(strip $(TARGET_BOARD_HARDWARE)),rk30board)
- LOCAL_MODULE:= camera.rk30board
为了实现一个具体功能的Camera,在HAL层需要一个硬件相关的Camera库(例如通过调用video for linux驱动程序和Jpeg编码程序实现或者直接用各个chip厂商实现的私有库来实现,比如Qualcomm实现的libcamera.so和libqcamera.so),此处为camera.rk30board.so实现CameraHardwareInterface规定的接口,来调用相关的库,驱动相关的driver,实现对camera硬件的操作。这个库将被Camera的服务库libcameraservice.so调用。
3.1CameraHal_Module.cpp主要是Camera HAL对上层提供的接口,和实际设备无关,上层的本地库都直接调用这个文件里面提供的接口。
- static int camera_device_open(const hw_module_t* module, const char* name,
- hw_device_t** device);
- static int camera_device_close(hw_device_t* device);
- static int camera_get_number_of_cameras(void);
- static int camera_get_camera_info(int camera_id, struct camera_info *info);
- static struct hw_module_methods_t camera_module_methods = {
- open: camera_device_open
- };
- camera_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
- common: {
- tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
- version_major: ((CONFIG_CAMERAHAL_VERSION&0xff00)>>8),
- version_minor: CONFIG_CAMERAHAL_VERSION&0xff,
- id: CAMERA_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
- name: CAMERA_MODULE_NAME,
- author: "RockChip",
- methods: &camera_module_methods,
- dso: NULL, /* remove compilation warnings */
- reserved: {0}, /* remove compilation warnings */
- },
- get_number_of_cameras: camera_get_number_of_cameras,
- get_camera_info: camera_get_camera_info,
- };
//CAMERA_DEVICE_NAME "/dev/video" 以下都是通过读取节点信息来获取摄像头的数目及摄像头设备信息
- int camera_device_close(hw_device_t* device)
- {
- int ret = 0;
- rk_camera_device_t* rk_dev = NULL;
- LOGD("%s", __FUNCTION__);
- android::Mutex::Autolock lock(gCameraHalDeviceLock);
- if (!device) {
- ret = -EINVAL;
- goto done;
- }
- rk_dev = (rk_camera_device_t*) device;
- if (rk_dev) {
- if (gCameraHals[rk_dev->cameraid]) {
- delete gCameraHals[rk_dev->cameraid];
- gCameraHals[rk_dev->cameraid] = NULL;
- gCamerasOpen--;
- }
- if (rk_dev->base.ops) {
- free(rk_dev->base.ops);
- }
- free(rk_dev);
- }
- done:
- return ret;
- }
- /*******************************************************************
- * implementation of camera_module functions
- *******************************************************************/
- /* open device handle to one of the cameras
- *
- * assume camera service will keep singleton of each camera
- * so this function will always only be called once per camera instance
- */
- int camera_device_open(const hw_module_t* module, const char* name,
- hw_device_t** device)
- {
- int rv = 0;
- int cameraid;
- rk_camera_device_t* camera_device = NULL;
- camera_device_ops_t* camera_ops = NULL;
- android::CameraHal* camera = NULL;
- android::Mutex::Autolock lock(gCameraHalDeviceLock);
- LOGI("camera_device open");
- if (name != NULL) {
- cameraid = atoi(name);
- if(cameraid > gCamerasNumber) {
- LOGE("camera service provided cameraid out of bounds, "
- "cameraid = %d, num supported = %d",
- cameraid, gCamerasNumber);
- rv = -EINVAL;
- goto fail;
- }
- if(gCamerasOpen >= CAMERAS_SUPPORTED_SIMUL_MAX) {
- LOGE("maximum number(%d) of cameras already open",gCamerasOpen);
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto fail;
- }
- camera_device = (rk_camera_device_t*)malloc(sizeof(*camera_device));
- if(!camera_device) {
- LOGE("camera_device allocation fail");
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto fail;
- }
- camera_ops = (camera_device_ops_t*)malloc(sizeof(*camera_ops));
- if(!camera_ops) {
- LOGE("camera_ops allocation fail");
- rv = -ENOMEM;
- goto fail;
- }
- memset(camera_device, 0, sizeof(*camera_device));
- memset(camera_ops, 0, sizeof(*camera_ops));
- camera_device->base.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
- camera_device->base.common.version = 0;
- camera_device->base.common.module = (hw_module_t *)(module);
- camera_device->base.common.close = camera_device_close;
- camera_device->base.ops = camera_ops;
- camera_ops->set_preview_window = camera_set_preview_window;
- camera_ops->set_callbacks = camera_set_callbacks;
- camera_ops->enable_msg_type = camera_enable_msg_type;
- camera_ops->disable_msg_type = camera_disable_msg_type;
- camera_ops->msg_type_enabled = camera_msg_type_enabled;
- camera_ops->start_preview = camera_start_preview;
- camera_ops->stop_preview = camera_stop_preview;
- camera_ops->preview_enabled = camera_preview_enabled;
- camera_ops->store_meta_data_in_buffers = camera_store_meta_data_in_buffers;
- camera_ops->start_recording = camera_start_recording;
- camera_ops->stop_recording = camera_stop_recording;
- camera_ops->recording_enabled = camera_recording_enabled;
- camera_ops->release_recording_frame = camera_release_recording_frame;
- camera_ops->auto_focus = camera_auto_focus;
- camera_ops->cancel_auto_focus = camera_cancel_auto_focus;
- camera_ops->take_picture = camera_take_picture;
- camera_ops->cancel_picture = camera_cancel_picture;
- camera_ops->set_parameters = camera_set_parameters;
- camera_ops->get_parameters = camera_get_parameters;
- camera_ops->put_parameters = camera_put_parameters;
- camera_ops->send_command = camera_send_command;
- camera_ops->release = camera_release;
- camera_ops->dum