Caused by: org.hibernate.TransientObjectException: object references an unsaved transient instance -

javax.persistence.RollbackException: Error while commiting the transaction
    at org.hibernate.ejb.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:71)
    at com.olay.junit.OneToMany.test(OneToMany.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:164)
    at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:130)
    at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106)
    at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124)
    at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109)
    at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:120)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestReference.run(JUnit3TestReference.java:130)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.hibernate.TransientObjectException: object references an unsaved transient instance - save the transient instance before flushing: com.olay.entity.OrderItem
    at org.hibernate.engine.ForeignKeys.getEntityIdentifierIfNotUnsaved(ForeignKeys.java:242)
    at org.hibernate.type.EntityType.getIdentifier(EntityType.java:430)
    at org.hibernate.type.ManyToOneType.nullSafeSet(ManyToOneType.java:101)
    at org.hibernate.persister.collection.AbstractCollectionPersister.writeElement(AbstractCollectionPersister.java:777)
    at org.hibernate.persister.collection.AbstractCollectionPersister.recreate(AbstractCollectionPersister.java:1165)
    at org.hibernate.action.CollectionRecreateAction.execute(CollectionRecreateAction.java:58)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:279)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:263)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:171)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:50)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1028)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:366)
    at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:54)

    ... 17 more

异常说的是引用了一个没有保存的对象，也就是说引用了一个数据库还没有的记录进行别的操作。

例子说明：

这里配置了一对多的单向关联

order.java

@OneToMany()
    @JoinTable(name="order_orderitem",
    joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="orderid",insertable=false),
    inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="orderitemid",insertable=false))
    public Set<OrderItem> getItems() {
        return items;
    }

    public void setItems(Set<OrderItem> items) {
        this.items = items;
    }

保存数据：

public void test(){
        EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("olayjpa");
        EntityManager em=emf.createEntityManager();
        em.getTransaction().begin();
        OrderItem oi1 = new OrderItem();
        oi1.setProduceName("足球1");
        oi1.setSellPrice(90f);
        
        OrderItem oi2 = new OrderItem();
        oi2.setProduceName("篮球1");
        oi2.setSellPrice(80f);
        
        Set items = new HashSet();
        items.add(oi1);
        items.add(oi2);
        
        Orders orders = new Orders();
        orders.setOrderid(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        orders.setAccount(345);
        orders.setItems(items);
        
        em.persist(orders);
  
        em.getTransaction().commit();
        emf.close();
    }

这时候就报上面的错，因为保存orders的时候， orders.setItems(items);中要在数据库中保存  OrderItem对象。。此时OrderItem不是持久化状态，数据库没有记录。

所以我们要在保存orders时影响将OrderItem对象持久化保存到数据库中，解决办法是在配置关联关系的时候添加级联关系（级联关系有多种，根据需求而定）

修改为：

@OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinTable(name="order_orderitem",
    joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="orderid",insertable=false),
    inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="orderitemid",insertable=false))
    public Set<OrderItem> getItems() {
        return items;
    }

    public void setItems(Set<OrderItem> items) {
        this.items = items;
    }