python 发送请求到接口实现数据和文件的传输

• 1.引入requests模块
• 2.设置请求头
• 3.设置请求参数
  • 3.1 如果只是传输普通的json数据
  • 3.2如果传输的数据中包含文件数据
    • 3.2.1 仅仅传输文件
    • 3.2.2 传输文件和数据

1.引入requests模块

import requests

2.设置请求头

headers2 = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}

3.设置请求参数

3.1 如果只是传输普通的json数据

# 需要传输的参数
data = {"lesson": "Operation System", "score": 100}
r = requests.post('http://localhost:3010/v1/carstatistic-3003/carInfo/countCarInfo', headers=headers2,json=data,
                  verify=False)
r.headers
print(r.text)

整体代码：

• python

    import requests
  
    headers2 = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    data = {"name": "ninesun", "age": 21}
    r = requests.post('http://localhost:3010/v1/carstatistic-3003/carInfo/countCarInfo', headers=headers2,json=data,
                    verify=False)
    r.headers
    print(r.text)
  

• 后端

    @RequestMapping(value = "carInfo/countCarInfo", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String countCarInfo(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> map) {
            String name=map.get("name").toString();
            String age=map.get("age").toString();
            return "测试";
        }
  

3.2如果传输的数据中包含文件数据

3.2.1 仅仅传输文件

• python

  def post_file(url, file_path):
      with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
          result = requests.post(url, files={'file': f})
      return result
  r=post_file("http://localhost:3010/v1/carstatistic-3003/carInfo/saveCarInfoFile",
          "C:\\Users\\NineSun\\Desktop\\cs\\1.jpg")
  r.headers
  print(r.text)
  

• 后端

    @RequestMapping(value = "/carInfo/saveCarInfoFile", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String saveCarInfoFile(@RequestParam(value = "file", required = false) MultipartFile file, HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request) {
            String fileName=null;
            try {
                fileName=file.getOriginalFilename();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return("获取文件成功");
        }
  

此处有个对应关系：

3.2.2 传输文件和数据

data = {"k1" : "v1"}
files = {
  "field1" : open("1.png", "rb")
}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data, files=files)