opencv标定详细用法

opencv标定详细用法

这个例子是从CSDN中下载过来的，进行了一些修改，里面的一些用法会有注释
这个例子是棋盘格的标定实现，别的形状可以看opencv标定实现总结(圆点，棋盘格和非对称圆点)
先说一下下面是文件夹中需要准备的文件：

calibdata.txt文件中存放图片文件地址，我这里存放的是绝对地址，这样可以减少相对地址使用的时候出现错误

caliberation_result.txt文件是用来保存结果的，可以创建好放在那里

这是标定过程中的截图

下面是实现的代码
注意两点就行
1，Size board_size = Size(6, 8);这里的参数都是内部角点数，比如我的一行7个方块，一列9个方块，这里就要填入6和8
2，Size square_size = Size(25, 25);这里的尺寸是指实际大小，单位应该是mm

代码中具体函数的用法见： opencv标定函数解说

#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/calib3d/calib3d.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <opencv2\imgproc\types_c.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

void main()
{
	ifstream fin("calibdata.txt"); /* 标定所用图像文件的路径 */
	ofstream fout("caliberation_result.txt");  /* 保存标定结果的文件 */
	//读取每一幅图像，从中提取出角点，然后对角点进行亚像素精确化	
	cout << "开始提取角点………………";
	int image_count = 0;  /* 图像数量 */
	Size image_size;  /* 图像的尺寸 */
	Size board_size = Size(6, 8);    /* 标定板上每行、列的角点数 */
	vector<Point2f> image_points_buf;  /* 缓存每幅图像上检测到的角点 */
	vector<vector<Point2f>> image_points_seq; /* 保存检测到的所有角点 */
	string filename;
	int count = -1;//用于存储角点个数。
	while (getline(fin, filename))
	{
		image_count++;
		// 用于观察检验输出
		cout << "image_count = " << image_count << endl;
		/* 输出检验*/
		cout << "-->count = " << count;
		Mat imageInput = imread(filename);
		if (image_count == 1)  //读入第一张图片时获取图像宽高信息
		{
			image_size.width = imageInput.cols;
			image_size.height = imageInput.rows;
			cout << "image_size.width = " << image_size.width << endl;
			cout << "image_size.height = " << image_size.height << endl;
		}

		/* 提取角点 */
		if (0 == findChessboardCorners(imageInput, board_size, image_points_buf))
		{
			cout << "can not find chessboard corners!\n"; //找不到角点
			exit(1);
		}
		else
		{
			Mat view_gray;
			cvtColor(imageInput, view_gray, CV_RGB2GRAY);
			/* 亚像素精确化 */
			find4QuadCornerSubpix(view_gray, image_points_buf, Size(11, 11)); //对粗提取的角点进行精确化
			image_points_seq.push_back(image_points_buf);  //保存亚像素角点
			/* 在图像上显示角点位置 */
			drawChessboardCorners(view_gray, board_size, image_points_buf, true); //用于在图片中标记角点
			imshow("Camera Calibration", view_gray);//显示图片
			waitKey(500);//暂停0.5S		
		}
	}
	int total = image_points_seq.size();
	cout << "total = " << total << endl;
	int CornerNum = board_size.width * board_size.height;  //每张图片上总的角点数
	for (int ii = 0; ii < total; ii++)
	{
		if (0 == ii % CornerNum)// 24 是每幅图片的角点个数。此判断语句是为了输出 图片号，便于控制台观看 
		{
			int i = -1;
			i = ii / CornerNum;
			int j = i + 1;
			cout << "--> 第 " << j << "图片的数据 --> : " << endl;
		}
		if (0 == ii % 3)	// 此判断语句，格式化输出，便于控制台查看
		{
			cout << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout.width(10);
		}
		//输出所有的角点
		cout << " -->" << image_points_seq[ii][0].x;
		cout << " -->" << image_points_seq[ii][0].y;
	}
	cout << "角点提取完成！\n";

	//以下是摄像机标定
	cout << "开始标定………………";
	/*棋盘三维信息*/
	Size square_size = Size(25, 25);  /* 实际测量得到的标定板上每个棋盘格的大小 */
	vector<vector<Point3f>> object_points; /* 保存标定板上角点的三维坐标 */
	/*内外参数*/
	Mat cameraMatrix = Mat(3, 3, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(0)); /* 摄像机内参数矩阵 */
	vector<int> point_counts;  // 每幅图像中角点的数量
	Mat distCoeffs = Mat(1, 5, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(0)); /* 摄像机的5个畸变系数：k1,k2,p1,p2,k3 */
	vector<Mat> tvecsMat;  /* 每幅图像的旋转向量 */
	vector<Mat> rvecsMat; /* 每幅图像的平移向量 */
	/* 初始化标定板上角点的三维坐标 */
	int i, j, t;
	for (t = 0; t < image_count; t++)
	{
		vector<Point3f> tempPointSet;
		for (i = 0; i < board_size.height; i++)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < board_size.width; j++)
			{
				Point3f realPoint;
				/* 假设标定板放在世界坐标系中z=0的平面上 */
				realPoint.x = i * square_size.width;
				realPoint.y = j * square_size.height;
				realPoint.z = 0;
				tempPointSet.push_back(realPoint);
			}
		}
		object_points.push_back(tempPointSet);
	}
	/* 初始化每幅图像中的角点数量，假定每幅图像中都可以看到完整的标定板 */
	for (i = 0; i < image_count; i++)
	{
		point_counts.push_back(board_size.width * board_size.height);
	}
	/* 开始标定 */
	calibrateCamera(object_points, image_points_seq, image_size, cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, rvecsMat, tvecsMat, 0);
	cout << "标定完成！\n";
	//对标定结果进行评价
	cout << "开始评价标定结果………………\n";
	double total_err = 0.0; /* 所有图像的平均误差的总和 */
	double err = 0.0; /* 每幅图像的平均误差 */
	vector<Point2f> image_points2; /* 保存重新计算得到的投影点 */
	cout << "\t每幅图像的标定误差：\n";
	fout << "每幅图像的标定误差：\n";
	for (i = 0; i < image_count; i++)
	{
		vector<Point3f> tempPointSet = object_points[i];
		/* 通过得到的摄像机内外参数，对空间的三维点进行重新投影计算，得到新的投影点 */
		projectPoints(tempPointSet, rvecsMat[i], tvecsMat[i], cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, image_points2);
		/* 计算新的投影点和旧的投影点之间的误差*/
		vector<Point2f> tempImagePoint = image_points_seq[i];
		Mat tempImagePointMat = Mat(1, tempImagePoint.size(), CV_32FC2);
		Mat image_points2Mat = Mat(1, image_points2.size(), CV_32FC2);
		for (int j = 0; j < tempImagePoint.size(); j++)
		{
			image_points2Mat.at<Vec2f>(0, j) = Vec2f(image_points2[j].x, image_points2[j].y);
			tempImagePointMat.at<Vec2f>(0, j) = Vec2f(tempImagePoint[j].x, tempImagePoint[j].y);
		}
		err = norm(image_points2Mat, tempImagePointMat, NORM_L2);
		total_err += err /= point_counts[i];
		std::cout << "第" << i + 1 << "幅图像的平均误差：" << err << "像素" << endl;
		fout << "第" << i + 1 << "幅图像的平均误差：" << err << "像素" << endl;
	}
	std::cout << "总体平均误差：" << total_err / image_count << "像素" << endl;
	fout << "总体平均误差：" << total_err / image_count << "像素" << endl << endl;
	std::cout << "评价完成！" << endl;
	//保存定标结果  	
	std::cout << "开始保存定标结果………………" << endl;
	Mat rotation_matrix = Mat(3, 3, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(0)); /* 保存每幅图像的旋转矩阵 */
	fout << "相机内参数矩阵：" << endl;
	fout << cameraMatrix << endl << endl;
	fout << "畸变系数：\n";
	fout << distCoeffs << endl << endl << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < image_count; i++)
	{
		fout << "第" << i + 1 << "幅图像的旋转向量：" << endl;
		fout << tvecsMat[i] << endl;
		/* 将旋转向量转换为相对应的旋转矩阵 */
		Rodrigues(tvecsMat[i], rotation_matrix);
		fout << "第" << i + 1 << "幅图像的旋转矩阵：" << endl;
		fout << rotation_matrix << endl;
		fout << "第" << i + 1 << "幅图像的平移向量：" << endl;
		fout << rvecsMat[i] << endl << endl;
	}
	std::cout << "完成保存" << endl;
	fout << endl;
	system("pause");
	return;
}

博客参考

1.冯相文要加油呀 opencv标定详细用法
2.Opencv 相机内参标定及使用