普通结构体
定义普通结构体以及结构体实例化
fn main(){
struct User{
username:String, //字段
email:String,
sign_in_count:u64,
active:bool,
}
let user1 = User{
email:String::from("someone@example.com"),
username:String::from("username123"),
active:true,
sign_in_count:1,
};
println!("{}, {}, {}, {}", user1.email, user1.username, user1.active, user1.sign_in_count);
//整个实例必须是可变的;Rust 并不允许只将某个字段标记为可变
let mut user2 = User{
email:String::from("someone@example.com"),
username:String::from("username123"),
active:user1.active,
sign_in_count:user1.sign_in_count,
};
user2.username = String::from("xixibiya");
println!("{}, {}, {}, {}", user2.email, user2.username, user2.active, user2.sign_in_count);
let user3 = User{
email:String::from("someone@example.com"),
username:String::from("username123"),
..user1 //为一个 User 实例设置新的 email 和 username 值,不过其余值来自 user1 变量中实例的字段
};
println!("{}, {}, {}, {}", user3.email, user3.username, user3.active, user3.sign_in_count);
}
使用结构体作为返回值
struct User{
username:String,
email:String,
sign_in_count:u64,
active:bool,
}
fn main(){
let user1 = build_user(String::from("someone@example.com"), String::from("username123"));
println!("{}, {}, {}, {}", user1.email, user1.username, user1.active, user1.sign_in_count);
let user2 = build_user_two(String::from("someone@example.com"), String::from("username123"));
println!("{}, {}, {}, {}", user2.email, user2.username, user2.active, user2.sign_in_count);
}
fn build_user(email:String, username:String)->User{
return User{
email:email,
username:username,
active:true,
sign_in_count:1,
};
}
//参数名与字段名都完全相同,可以使用 字段初始化简写语法
fn build_user_two(email:String, username:String)->User{
return User{
email,
username,
active:true,
sign_in_count:1,
};
}
元组结构体
没有具体的字段名,只有字段的类型
fn main(){
struct Color(i32, i32, i32);
struct Point(i32, i32, i32);
let black = Color(0, 0, 0);
let white = Color(1, 1, 1);
println!("{}, {}", black.0, white.0);
let point1 = Point(0, 0, 0);
let point2 = Point(1, 1, 1);
println!("{}, {}", point1.0, point2.0);
}
参考:https://kaisery.github.io/trpl-zh-cn/ch05-01-defining-structs.html?search=