PyTorch TorchVision 目标检测网络微调

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-06 08:56:24 发布

ScorpioDoctor

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-06 08:56:24 发布

阅读量3.1k

点赞数

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhjm07054115/article/details/104801165

版权

本文无配图，要查看详细配图内容，前去 http://studyai.com/pytorch-1.4/intermediate/torchvision_tutorial.html

在本教程中，我们将在宾州复旦大学的行人检测和分割数据集中微调一个预先训练好的 Mask R-CNN 模型。它包含170幅包含345个行人实例的图像，我们将用它来演示如何在torchvision中使用新特性，以便在自定义数据集上训练实例分割模型(instance segmentation model)。定义数据集

用于训练对象检测、实例分割和人体关键点检测的参考脚本允许轻松支持添加新的自定义数据集。数据集应继承标准 torch.utils.data.Dataset 类，并实现 len 和 getitem 。

我们需要的唯一特别条件是数据集类的 getitem 应该返回：

    image: 一个尺寸为 (H, W) 的 PIL 图像
    target: 包含以下字段(field)的字典
        boxes (FloatTensor[N, 4]): N 个边界框的坐标， 格式为 [x0, y0, x1, y1] , x 从 0 到 W ， y 从 0 到 H
        labels (Int64Tensor[N]): 每一个边界框的标签
        image_id (Int64Tensor[1]): 图像标识符. 它应该在数据集中的所有图像之间是唯一的， 并在评估期间使用
        area (Tensor[N]): 边界框的区域。在使用COCO metric进行评估时要用到它， 以便将小、中和大方框之间的metric分数分开。
        iscrowd (UInt8Tensor[N]): 满足 iscrowd=True 条件的实例(instances)将会在评估过程中被忽略。
        (可选项) masks (UInt8Tensor[N, H, W]): The segmentation masks for each one of the objects
        (可选项) keypoints (FloatTensor[N, K, 3]): 对于N个对象(objects)中的每一个，它都以 [x, y, visibility] 的格式包含K个关键点，用于定义该对象。 visibility=0 表示该关键点不可见。 请注意，对于数据扩展，翻转关键点的理解取决于数据表示形式，您可能需要为新的关键点表示形式调整 references/detection/transforms.py

如果您的模型返回上述方法，它们将使其在训练和评估中都有效，并将使用 pycocotools 中的评估脚本。

此外，如果要在训练期间使用纵横比(aspect ratio)分组（以便每个批次样本仅包含具有相似纵横比的图像），则建议还实现 get_height_and_width 方法，该方法返回图像的高度和宽度。如果不提供此方法，则通过 getitem 查询数据集的所有样本，并且将图像加载到内存中，并且比提供自定义方法的速度慢。为 PennFudan 编写自定义数据集

让我们为 PennFudan 数据集编写一个数据集类。下载并提取zip文件后，我们可以看到以下文件夹结构：

PennFudanPed/
  PedMasks/
    FudanPed00001_mask.png
    FudanPed00002_mask.png
    FudanPed00003_mask.png
    FudanPed00004_mask.png
    ...
  PNGImages/
    FudanPed00001.png
    FudanPed00002.png
    FudanPed00003.png
    FudanPed00004.png

下面是一对图像和分割遮罩(segmentation masks)的示例 intermediate/../../_static/img/tv_tutorial/tv_image01.png intermediate/../../_static/img/tv_tutorial/tv_image02.png

因此每个图像都有一个对应的分割遮罩，每个颜色对应一个不同的实例。让我们为这个数据集编写一个 torch.utils.data.Dataset 类。

import os
import numpy as np
import torch
from PIL import Image


class PennFudanDataset(object):
    def __init__(self, root, transforms):
        self.root = root
        self.transforms = transforms
        # 加载所有图像文件，对其进行排序以确保它们对齐(aligned)
        self.imgs = list(sorted(os.listdir(os.path.join(root, "PNGImages"))))
        self.masks = list(sorted(os.listdir(os.path.join(root, "PedMasks"))))

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        # 加载 images 和 masks
        img_path = os.path.join(self.root, "PNGImages", self.imgs[idx])
        mask_path = os.path.join(self.root, "PedMasks", self.masks[idx])
        img = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB")
        # 注意，我们还没有将mask转换为RGB，因为每种颜色对应一个不同的实例
        # 0 代表背景(background)
        mask = Image.open(mask_path)
        # 把 PIL Image 转换为 numpy array
        mask = np.array(mask)
        # 实例被编码为不同的颜色
        obj_ids = np.unique(mask)
        # 第一个 id 是背景, 因此移除它
        obj_ids = obj_ids[1:]

        # split the color-encoded mask into a set of binary masks
        masks = mask == obj_ids[:, None, None]

        # 获取每个mask的边界框坐标
        num_objs = len(obj_ids)
        boxes = []
        for i in range(num_objs):
            pos = np.where(masks[i])
            xmin = np.min(pos[1])
            xmax = np.max(pos[1])
            ymin = np.min(pos[0])
            ymax = np.max(pos[0])
            boxes.append([xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax])

        # 转换为 torch.Tensor
        boxes = torch.as_tensor(boxes, dtype=torch.float32)
        # 只有一个类
        labels = torch.ones((num_objs,), dtype=torch.int64)
        masks = torch.as_tensor(masks, dtype=torch.uint8)

        image_id = torch.tensor([idx])
        area = (boxes[:, 3] - boxes[:, 1]) * (boxes[:, 2] - boxes[:, 0])
        # 假设所有实例都不是拥挤的(crowd)
        iscrowd = torch.zeros((num_objs,), dtype=torch.int64)

        target = {}
        target["boxes"] = boxes
        target["labels"] = labels
        target["masks"] = masks
        target["image_id"] = image_id
        target["area"] = area
        target["iscrowd"] = iscrowd

        if self.transforms is not None:
            img, target = self.transforms(img, target)

        return img, target

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.imgs)

这就是数据集的全部内容。现在让我们定义一个模型，它可以在这个数据集上执行预测。定义你的模型

在本教程中，我们将使用 Mask R-CNN ，它是基于 Faster R-CNN 的。 Faster R-CNN 是一个预测图像中潜在对象的边界框和类别得分的模型。 intermediate/../../_static/img/tv_tutorial/tv_image03.png

Mask R-CNN在Faster R-CNN中添加了一个额外的分支，该分支预测每个实例的分割掩码(segmentation masks)。 intermediate/../../_static/img/tv_tutorial/tv_image04.png

在两种常见情况下，可能需要修改torchvision modelzoo中的一个可用模型。第一个是当我们想从一个预先训练好的模型开始，然后对最后一层进行微调。另一种情况是，我们希望用不同的模型替换模型的主干（例如，为了更快的预测）。

让我们在下面的部分中展示一下如何处理上述两种情况。 1 - 微调一个预训练好的模型

假设你想从一个在COCO上预先训练过的模型开始，并想针对你的特定类对它进行微调。下面有一种可行的方法：

import torchvision
from torchvision.models.detection.faster_rcnn import FastRCNNPredictor

# load a model pre-trained pre-trained on COCO
model = torchvision.models.detection.fasterrcnn_resnet50_fpn(pretrained=True)

# replace the classifier with a new one, that has
# num_classes which is user-defined
num_classes = 2  # 1 class (person) + background
# get number of input features for the classifier
in_features = model.roi_heads.box_predictor.cls_score.in_features
# replace the pre-trained head with a new one
model.roi_heads.box_predictor = FastRCNNPredictor(in_features, num_classes)

2 - 修改模型,添加不同的主干(backbone)

import torchvision
from torchvision.models.detection import FasterRCNN
from torchvision.models.detection.rpn import AnchorGenerator

# load a pre-trained model for classification and return
# only the features
backbone = torchvision.models.mobilenet_v2(pretrained=True).features
# FasterRCNN needs to know the number of
# output channels in a backbone. For mobilenet_v2, it's 1280
# so we need to add it here
backbone.out_channels = 1280

# let's make the RPN generate 5 x 3 anchors per spatial
# location, with 5 different sizes and 3 different aspect
# ratios. We have a Tuple[Tuple[int]] because each feature
# map could potentially have different sizes and
# aspect ratios
anchor_generator = AnchorGenerator(sizes=((32, 64, 128, 256, 512),),
                                   aspect_ratios=((0.5, 1.0, 2.0),))

# let's define what are the feature maps that we will
# use to perform the region of interest cropping, as well as
# the size of the crop after rescaling.
# if your backbone returns a Tensor, featmap_names is expected to
# be [0]. More generally, the backbone should return an
# OrderedDict[Tensor], and in featmap_names you can choose which
# feature maps to use.
roi_pooler = torchvision.ops.MultiScaleRoIAlign(featmap_names=[0],
                                                output_size=7,
                                                sampling_ratio=2)

# put the pieces together inside a FasterRCNN model
model = FasterRCNN(backbone,
                   num_classes=2,
                   rpn_anchor_generator=anchor_generator,
                   box_roi_pool=roi_pooler)

用于 PennFudan 数据集的实例分割模型

在我们的例子中，考虑到我们的数据集非常小，我们希望从预先训练的模型进行微调，因此我们将遵循方法-1。

在这里我们还需要计算实例分割masks, 因此我们将使用Mask R-CNN：

import torchvision
from torchvision.models.detection.faster_rcnn import FastRCNNPredictor
from torchvision.models.detection.mask_rcnn import MaskRCNNPredictor


def get_model_instance_segmentation(num_classes):
    # load an instance segmentation model pre-trained pre-trained on COCO
    model = torchvision.models.detection.maskrcnn_resnet50_fpn(pretrained=True)

    # get number of input features for the classifier
    in_features = model.roi_heads.box_predictor.cls_score.in_features
    # replace the pre-trained head with a new one
    model.roi_heads.box_predictor = FastRCNNPredictor(in_features, num_classes)

    # now get the number of input features for the mask classifier
    in_features_mask = model.roi_heads.mask_predictor.conv5_mask.in_channels
    hidden_layer = 256
    # and replace the mask predictor with a new one
    model.roi_heads.mask_predictor = MaskRCNNPredictor(in_features_mask,
                                                       hidden_layer,
                                                       num_classes)

    return model

就这样，这将使模型(model)准备好在您的自定义数据集上接受训练和评估。把所有的东西放在一起

在 references/detection/ 中，我们有许多帮助函数来简化训练和评估检测模型。这里，我们将使用 references/detection/engine.py, references/detection/utils.py 和 references/detection/transforms.py 。把它们复制到你的文件夹里，在这里使用。

让我们编写一些数据扩充/转换帮助函数：

import transforms as T

def get_transform(train):
    transforms = []
    transforms.append(T.ToTensor())
    if train:
        transforms.append(T.RandomHorizontalFlip(0.5))
    return T.Compose(transforms)

测试 forward() 方法 (可选的)

在对数据集进行迭代之前，最好先看看模型在样本数据的训练和推理期间需要什么。

model = torchvision.models.detection.fasterrcnn_resnet50_fpn(pretrained=True)
dataset = PennFudanDataset('PennFudanPed', get_transform(train=True))
data_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
 dataset, batch_size=2, shuffle=True, num_workers=4,
 collate_fn=utils.collate_fn)
# For Training
images,targets = next(iter(data_loader))
images = list(image for image in images)
targets = [{k: v for k, v in t.items()} for t in targets]
output = model(images,targets)   # Returns losses and detections
# For inference
model.eval()
x = [torch.rand(3, 300, 400), torch.rand(3, 500, 400)]
predictions = model(x)           # Returns predictions

现在我们来编写执行训练和验证的主函数：

from engine import train_one_epoch, evaluate
import utils


def main():
    # 在GPU或CPU上训练，如果GPU不可用
    device = torch.device('cuda') if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.device('cpu')

    # 我们的数据集只有两个类-背景和人
    num_classes = 2
    # 使用我们的数据集和定义的变换
    dataset = PennFudanDataset('PennFudanPed', get_transform(train=True))
    dataset_test = PennFudanDataset('PennFudanPed', get_transform(train=False))

    # 把数据集划分成 train 和 test 集合
    indices = torch.randperm(len(dataset)).tolist()
    dataset = torch.utils.data.Subset(dataset, indices[:-50])
    dataset_test = torch.utils.data.Subset(dataset_test, indices[-50:])

    # 定义训练和验证数据加载器
    data_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        dataset, batch_size=2, shuffle=True, num_workers=4,
        collate_fn=utils.collate_fn)

    data_loader_test = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        dataset_test, batch_size=1, shuffle=False, num_workers=4,
        collate_fn=utils.collate_fn)

    # 使用辅助函数获取模型
    model = get_model_instance_segmentation(num_classes)

    # move model to the right device
    model.to(device)

    # construct an optimizer
    params = [p for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad]
    optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(params, lr=0.005,
                                momentum=0.9, weight_decay=0.0005)
    # and a learning rate scheduler
    lr_scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer,
                                                   step_size=3,
                                                   gamma=0.1)

    # let's train it for 10 epochs
    num_epochs = 10

    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        # train for one epoch, printing every 10 iterations
        train_one_epoch(model, optimizer, data_loader, device, epoch, print_freq=10)
        # update the learning rate
        lr_scheduler.step()
        # evaluate on the test dataset
        evaluate(model, data_loader_test, device=device)

    print("That's it!")

你得到的第一个回合(epoch)的输出应该是这样的:

Epoch: [0]  [ 0/60]  eta: 0:01:18  lr: 0.000090  loss: 2.5213 (2.5213)  loss_classifier: 0.8025 (0.8025)  loss_box_reg: 0.2634 (0.2634)  loss_mask: 1.4265 (1.4265)  loss_objectness: 0.0190 (0.0190)  loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0099 (0.0099)  time: 1.3121  data: 0.3024  max mem: 3485
Epoch: [0]  [10/60]  eta: 0:00:20  lr: 0.000936  loss: 1.3007 (1.5313)  loss_classifier: 0.3979 (0.4719)  loss_box_reg: 0.2454 (0.2272)  loss_mask: 0.6089 (0.7953)  loss_objectness: 0.0197 (0.0228)  loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0121 (0.0141)  time: 0.4198  data: 0.0298  max mem: 5081
Epoch: [0]  [20/60]  eta: 0:00:15  lr: 0.001783  loss: 0.7567 (1.1056)  loss_classifier: 0.2221 (0.3319)  loss_box_reg: 0.2002 (0.2106)  loss_mask: 0.2904 (0.5332)  loss_objectness: 0.0146 (0.0176)  loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0094 (0.0123)  time: 0.3293  data: 0.0035  max mem: 5081
Epoch: [0]  [30/60]  eta: 0:00:11  lr: 0.002629  loss: 0.4705 (0.8935)  loss_classifier: 0.0991 (0.2517)  loss_box_reg: 0.1578 (0.1957)  loss_mask: 0.1970 (0.4204)  loss_objectness: 0.0061 (0.0140)  loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0075 (0.0118)  time: 0.3403  data: 0.0044  max mem: 5081
Epoch: [0]  [40/60]  eta: 0:00:07  lr: 0.003476  loss: 0.3901 (0.7568)  loss_classifier: 0.0648 (0.2022)  loss_box_reg: 0.1207 (0.1736)  loss_mask: 0.1705 (0.3585)  loss_objectness: 0.0018 (0.0113)  loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0075 (0.0112)  time: 0.3407  data: 0.0044  max mem: 5081
Epoch: [0]  [50/60]  eta: 0:00:03  lr: 0.004323  loss: 0.3237 (0.6703)  loss_classifier: 0.0474 (0.1731)  loss_box_reg: 0.1109 (0.1561)  loss_mask: 0.1658 (0.3201)  loss_objectness: 0.0015 (0.0093)  loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0093 (0.0116)  time: 0.3379  data: 0.0043  max mem: 5081
Epoch: [0]  [59/60]  eta: 0:00:00  lr: 0.005000  loss: 0.2540 (0.6082)  loss_classifier: 0.0309 (0.1526)  loss_box_reg: 0.0463 (0.1405)  loss_mask: 0.1568 (0.2945)  loss_objectness: 0.0012 (0.0083)  loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0093 (0.0123)  time: 0.3489  data: 0.0042  max mem: 5081
Epoch: [0] Total time: 0:00:21 (0.3570 s / it)
creating index...
index created!
Test:  [ 0/50]  eta: 0:00:19  model_time: 0.2152 (0.2152)  evaluator_time: 0.0133 (0.0133)  time: 0.4000  data: 0.1701  max mem: 5081
Test:  [49/50]  eta: 0:00:00  model_time: 0.0628 (0.0687)  evaluator_time: 0.0039 (0.0064)  time: 0.0735  data: 0.0022  max mem: 5081
Test: Total time: 0:00:04 (0.0828 s / it)
Averaged stats: model_time: 0.0628 (0.0687)  evaluator_time: 0.0039 (0.0064)
Accumulating evaluation results...
DONE (t=0.01s).
Accumulating evaluation results...
DONE (t=0.01s).
IoU metric: bbox
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.606
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.984
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.780
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.313
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.582
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.612
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.270
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.672
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.672
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.650
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.755
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.664
IoU metric: segm
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.704
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.979
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.871
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.325
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.488
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.727
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.316
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.748
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.749
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.650
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.673
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.758

So after one epoch of training, we obtain a COCO-style mAP of 60.6, and a mask mAP of 70.4.

After training for 10 epochs, I got the following metrics

IoU metric: bbox
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.799
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.969
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.935
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.349
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.592
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.831
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.324
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.844
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.844
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.400
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.777
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.870
IoU metric: segm
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.761
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.969
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.919
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.341
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.464
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.788
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.303
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.799
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.799
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.400
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.769
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.818

但是这些预测看起来像什么？让我们在数据集中取一个图像并验证之： intermediate/../../_static/img/tv_tutorial/tv_image05.png

经过训练的模型在这幅图中预测了9个人物实例，让我们看看其中的几个：: intermediate/../../_static/img/tv_tutorial/tv_image06.png intermediate/../../_static/img/tv_tutorial/tv_image07.png

结果看起来相当完美! 收尾

在本教程中，您学习了如何在自定义数据集上创建自己的训练管道用于实例分割模型。为此，您编写了 torch.utils.data.Dataset 类，该类返回图像、真实框和分割遮罩。为了在这个新数据集上执行迁移学习，您还利用了在 COCO train2017 上预先训练好的的 Mask R-CNN 模型。

对于包含多机/多gpu训练的更完整示例，请检查 torchvision 仓库中的 references/detection/train.py 。

您可以在这里下载本教程的完整源文件。

ScorpioDoctor

关注

0
点赞
踩
10

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
1
评论
PyTorch TorchVision 目标检测网络微调

本文无配图，要查看详细配图内容，前去 http://studyai.com/pytorch-1.4/intermediate/torchvision_tutorial.html在本教程中，我们将在宾州复旦大学的行人检测和分割数据集中微调一个预先训练好的 Mask R-CNN 模型。它包含170幅包含345个行人实例的图像，我们将用它来演示如何在torchvision中使用新特性，以便在...
复制链接

扫一扫