C++ 引用

1.引用的基本语法

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int a = 10;
	//引用语法 给变量起别名
	int& b = a;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	b = 100;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	system("psuse");
	return 0;
}

2.引用注意事项

a.引用必须初始化

b.引用初始化后不可以改变（要与赋值操作区分）

如int &b = a; int c = 10; b = c;是赋值操作。

3.引用作函数参数

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//交换函数

//1.值传递
void myswap01(int a, int b) {
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}
//2.地址传递
void myswap02(int* p1, int* p2) {
	int temp = *p1;
	*p1 = *p2;
	*p2 = temp;
}
//3.引用传递
void myswap03(int& a, int& b) {
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}

int main() {
	int a = 10;
	int b = 30;
	myswap01(a, b);//值传递，形参不会修饰实参
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	myswap02(&a, &b);//地址传递，形参会修饰实参
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	myswap03(a, b);//引用传递，形参会修饰实参
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	system("psuse");
	return 0;
}

4.引用做函数返回值

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int& test01() {
	int a = 10;//a为局部变量，当函数执行完后就被释放
	return a;
}
int& test02() {
	static int a = 10;
	return a;
}

int main() {
	//引用作函数返回值
	//1.不要返回局部变量的引用
	int& ret = test01();
	cout << ret << endl;
	cout << "ret = " << ret << endl;
	cout << "ret = " << ret << endl;
	cout << ret << endl;
	int& ret2 = test02();
	cout << ret2 << endl;
	cout << ret2 << endl;
	cout << ret2 << endl;
	cout << "ret2 = " << ret2 << endl;
	cout << "ret2 = " << ret2 << endl;
	test02() = 1000;//如果函数的返回值是引用，这个函数调用可以作为左值
	cout << "ret2 = " << ret2 << endl;

	system("psuse");
	return 0;
}

5.引用的本质

本质就是指针常量。

6.常量引用

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void printvalue(const int& a) {
	//a = 1000;
	cout << "1a = " << a << endl;
}

int main() {
	//常量引用（用来修饰形参，防止误操作）
	int a = 10;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	printvalue(a);
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	system("psuse");
	return 0;
}