dubbo微服务入门示例

1.目标

• 搭建dubbo微服务基础环境并编写示例
• 环境(docker镜像)
  • centos7服务器
  • zookeeper单机版本：Registry，服务注册中心
  • dubbo-admin后台管理：Monitor，统计服务和调用次数，调用时的监控中心
• 系统
  • spring-dubbo-api：定义接口，方便provider和consumer端使用，避免重复编码
  • spring-dubbo-provider：Provider，暴露服务的提供方
  • spring-dubbo-consumer：Consumer：调用远程服务的服务消费方
• 参考
  • dubbo-spring-boot-starter老版本
  • dubbo和spring cloud对比

2.编写代码

2.1.zookeeper环境

• centos-dubbo(dockerfile)

# 系统镜像zookeeper
FROM docker.io/zookeeper:3.4.13

# 维护者
MAINTAINER Pings 275598139@qq.com

# 环境变量
ENV LANG en_US.UTF-8
# 设置时区
RUN ln -s -f /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

# 安装tomcat
COPY apache-tomcat-8.5.8.tar.gz /opt/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.8.tar.gz
RUN tar xzf /opt/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.8.tar.gz -C /opt/java/tomcat && rm -f /opt/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.8.tar.gz
# 配置(修改端口号为8085)
RUN sed -i "s/<Connector port=\"8080\"/<Connector port=\"8085\"/" /opt/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.8/conf/server.xml

# 部署dubbo-admin
COPY dubbo-admin-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT.war /opt/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.8/webapps/

# 开启端口
EXPOSE 8085

# 启动服务
CMD ["zkServer.sh", "start-foreground"]

# 运行命令
# docker build -t pings/centos-dubbo -f centos-dubbo .
# docker run -p 2181:2181 -p 8085:8085 --name dubbo pings/centos-dubbo
# 需要进入容器手动启动tomcat
# docker exec -it dubbo /bin/bash
# /opt/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.8/bin/catalina.sh run
# http://192.168.1.233:8085/dubbo-admin-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT
# dubbo-admin用户：root/root

• 问题
  • 同时启动zookeeper和tomcat错误
    • CMD [“zkServer.sh”, “start-foreground”, “/opt/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.8/bin/startup”]，start-foreground启动参数无效
    • 使用shell脚本启动：zkServer.sh start-foreground，start-foreground启动参数无效
  • 现阶段只能先启动zookeeper然后进入容器启动tomcat
• 源码：dubbo zookeeper环境

2.2.spring-dubbo-api

• 功能：定义接口，方便provider和consumer端使用，避免重复编码
• springboot项目，定义需要暴露服务的接口、实体类和公用类，不需要引入dubbo相关配置；
• 实体类：User.java

public class User implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Integer sex;
    private String phone;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(Integer sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex=" + sex +
                ", phone='" + phone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

• 接口：UserService.java

public interface UserService {
    User getById(int id);
}

2.3.spring-dubbo-provider

• 功能：暴露服务的提供方，实现业务逻辑的地方；
• springboot项目，引入dubbo相关配置；
• 引入依赖：pom.xml

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo-springBoot -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>com.alibaba.spring.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
	<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-dubbo-api -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>com.pings</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-dubbo-api</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!-- zookeeper -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
	<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
	<version>3.4.13</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ZkClient -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
	<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
	<version>0.11</version>
</dependency>

• 配置：application.properties

#dubbo springboot 配置
spring.dubbo.application.id=spring-dubbo-provider     //**注册到zookeeper上的服务id
spring.dubbo.application.name=spring-dubbo-provider   //**注册到zookeeper上的服务名称
spring.dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://192.168.1.233:2181 //**注册的zookeeper地址
spring.dubbo.server=true                              //**dubbo服务端
spring.dubbo.protocol.name=dubbo                      //**dubbo连接协议
spring.dubbo.protocol.port=20880

• 启动配置：SpringDubboProviderApplication

@SpringBootApplication
//**添加些配置，启用dubbo配置
@EnableDubboConfiguration
public class SpringDubboProviderApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringDubboProviderApplication.class, args);
	}

}

• 接口实现：UserServiceImpl.java

//**dubbo配置
@Service(interfaceClass = UserService.class)
//**spring配置
@Component
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Override
    public User getById(int id) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(id);
        user.setName("Pings");
        user.setAge(22);
        user.setSex(1);
        user.setPhone("13333333333");

        return user;
    }
}

2.4.spring-dubbo-consumer(调用远程服务的服务消费方)

• 功能：调用远程服务的服务消费方
• springboot项目，引入dubbo相关配置，pom.xml和SpringDubboConsumerApplication和provider相同；
• 配置：application.properties

server.port=8000   //**启动端口不要与provider相同

#dubbo springboot 配置
spring.dubbo.application.name=spring-dubbo-consumer  //**注册到zookeeper上的服务id
spring.dubbo.application.id=spring-dubbo-consumer    //**注册到zookeeper上的服务名称
spring.dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://192.168.1.233:2181  //**注册的zookeeper地址

• 消费：UserController

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Reference
    public UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/")
    public String getById(int id){
        return this.userService.getById(id).toString();
    }
}

3.验证

• 启动spring-dubbo-provider
  • 打开http://192.168.1.233:8085/dubbo-admin-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT/
  • 查看服务com.pings.demo.service.UserService提供者：192.168.189.129:20880 100 动态
  • 如果没有安装dubbo-admin，也可通过idea zookeeper插件进行查看；
• 启动spring-dubbo-consumer
  • 打开http://192.168.1.233:8085/dubbo-admin-2.5.4-SNAPSHOT/
  • 查看服务com.pings.demo.service.UserService消费者：192.168.189.129 spring-dubbo-consumer 已允许
  • 如果没有安装dubbo-admin，也可通过idea zookeeper插件进行查看；
• 访问
  • 浏览器输入：http://127.0.0.1:8000/?id=3，返回User{id=3, name=‘Pings’, age=22, sex=1, phone=‘13333333333’}