吴恩达深度学习(一)---numpy(dot , outer, multiply)应用

#coding=utf-8
"""
numpy  常用的几个函数具体应用个， 如: np.dot, np.outer, np.multiply

"""

import time
import numpy as np

## data
x1 = [9, 2, 5, 0, 0, 7, 5, 0, 0, 0, 9, 2, 5, 0, 0]
x2 = [9, 2, 2, 9, 0, 9, 2, 5, 0, 0, 9, 2, 5, 0, 0]
#
#
"""
np.dot 一维内积： 
   1) 一维内积，得到一个值，两个向量各自对应位置相乘后再相.
   2）多维，满足矩阵相乘.
如： 一维，x1=[a1,a2,a3], x2=[b1,b2,b3] dot(x1,x2) = a1*b + a2*b2 + a3*b3
"""
# 1. 未使用numpy,实现dot
tic = time.process_time()
dot = 0
for i in range(len(x1)):
    dot += x1[i]*x2[i]
toc = time.process_time()
print("dot = " + str(dot) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")
#
# 2.使用numpy.dot
# VECTORIZED DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS ###
tic = time.process_time()
dot = np.dot(x1, x2)
toc = time.process_time()
print("dot = " + str(dot) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")
#
#
"""
np.dot 多维矩阵相乘，按矩阵相乘逻辑进行，
如： 矩阵A^m*n * 矩阵B^n*z， 得到矩阵C^m*z
     计算过程。 矩阵A中i所在的行，* 矩阵B，i所在的列。 即矩阵A的行，要与矩阵B的列数相同。
     矩阵相乘， numpy 明显比数组循环快。
"""
#1. 未使用numpy
W = np.random.rand(3,len(x1)) # Random 3*len(x1) numpy array
tic = time.process_time()
gdot = np.zeros(W.shape[0])
for i in range(W.shape[0]):
    for j in range(len(x1)):
        gdot[i] += W[i,j]*x1[j]
toc = time.process_time()
print ("gdot = " + str(gdot) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")
#
#使用numpy
tic = time.process_time()
dot = np.dot(W,x1)
toc = time.process_time()
print ("gdot = " + str(dot) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")
#
#
#
"""
outer 外积：
    numpy.outer(x1, x2) ，x1确定结果的行数， x2确定结果的列数， 
    "自己感觉，x1中每个元素都要跟x2中所有元素相乘 ， 不像内积，跟自己对应位置相乘（这个好像是一维数组情况下），矩阵相乘也有些类似。
    1) x1，x2是两个数组，如果x1，x2是高维数组，函数会自动将其flatten成1维 
    2) 输出是 len(x1) * len(x2)的数组,数组元素为 result[i,j] = x1[i] * x2[j] 
    3) 计算公式如下 :
    x1=[a1,a2,a3], x2=[b1,b2,b3]
    result=[ 
    [a1*b1, a1*b2, a1*b3] ,
    [a2*b1, a2*b2, a2*b3] ,
    [a3*b1, a3*b2, a3*b3] 
    ]
    
"""
# 1. 未使用numpy
tic = time.process_time()
outer = np.zeros((len(x1),len(x2))) # we create a len(x1)*len(x2) matrix with only zeros
for i in range(len(x1)):
    for j in range(len(x2)):
        outer[i, j] = x1[i]*x2[j]
toc = time.process_time()
print ("outer = " + str(outer) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")
#
#2.使用numpy.outer
tic = time.process_time()
outer = np.outer(x1,x2)
toc = time.process_time()
print ("outer = " + str(outer) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")
#
"""
np.multiply(x1,x2):
    1）对应位置相乘
    2）输出 一维数组
    如：x1=[a1,a2,a3], x2=[b1,b2,b3], 
    numpy.multiply(x1, x2) = [a1*b1, a2*b2, a3*b3], x1与x2的shape要一致。 
"""
#1.未使用numpy
tic = time.process_time()
mul = np.zeros(len(x1))
for i in range(len(x1)):
    mul[i] = x1[i]*x2[i]
toc = time.process_time()
print ("elementwise multiplication = " + str(mul) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")
#
#2 使用numpy.multiply
tic = time.process_time()
mul = np.multiply(x1,x2)
toc = time.process_time()
print ("elementwise multiplication = " + str(mul) + "\n ----- Computation time = " + str(1000*(toc - tic)) + "ms")