《神经网络和深度学习》之神经网络基础（第二周）课后作业——Python与Numpy基础知识

1 用numpy 建立基本函数

1.1 s型函数，np.exp()

# GRADED FUNCTION: basic_sigmoid

import math

def basic_sigmoid(x):
    """
    Compute sigmoid of x.
    Arguments:
    x -- A scalar
    Return:
    s -- sigmoid(x)
    """

    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 1 line of code)
    s = 1/(1+math.exp(-x))
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return s

basic_sigmoid(3)

事实上，因为，在深度学习中我们使用的是向量和矩阵，所以，我们很少使用“math”。这也是为什么“numpy”非常有用的原因。

import numpy as np

# example of np.exp
x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
print(np.exp(x)) # result is (exp(1), exp(2), exp(3))

输出：[ 2.71828183 7.3890561 20.08553692]

# GRADED FUNCTION: sigmoid

import numpy as np # this means you can access numpy functions by writing np.function() instead of numpy.function()

def sigmoid(x):
    """
    Compute the sigmoid of x

    Arguments:
    x -- A scalar or numpy array of any size

    Return:
    s -- sigmoid(x)
    """

    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 1 line of code)
    s = 1/(1+np.exp(-x))
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return s

x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
sigmoid(x)

输出：array([ 0.73105858, 0.88079708, 0.95257413])

1.2 s型函数的梯度

# GRADED FUNCTION: sigmoid_derivative

def sigmoid_derivative(x):
    """
    Compute the gradient (also called the slope or derivative) of the sigmoid function with respect to its input x.
    You can store the output of the sigmoid function into variables and then use it to calculate the gradient.

    Arguments:
    x -- A scalar or numpy array

    Return:
    ds -- Your computed gradient.
    """

    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
    s = sigmoid(x)
    ds = s * (1 - s)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return ds

x = np.array([1, 2, 3])