Netty 权威指南之Google protobuf 编解码

本章相关知识点:

Google 的protobuf 在业界非常流行,很多的商业项目选址使用protobuf作为编解码框架,这里一起回顾一下protobuf 框架的优点:

1、结构化数据存储(类似XML和JSON)

2、高效编码性能

3、语言无法、平台无法、拓展性好

4、官方支持Java、C++和Python


本章学习目标:

1、Protobuf 开发入门

2、开发支持Protobuf 的Netty 服务端

3、开发支持Protobuf 的Netty 客户端

4、运行基于Netty 开发的Protobuf 应用


第一节:Protobuf 开发入门

Protobuf 入门

protobuf 是一个灵活、高效、结构化的数据序列化框架。相比XML等传统序列化工具,它更小、更快、更简单.Protobuf支持数据结构化一次编译可以到处使用,甚至是跨语言使用,通过代码生成工具可以自动生成不同语言版本的源代码,甚至可以在不同的版本数据结构进程中进行数据传递,实现数据结构的前向兼容。

Protobuf 开发环境搭建

1、首先先下载protobuf 的windows 版本


2、protoc.exe 主要根据.proto文件生成代码,我们以图书订购流程为例,定义SubscribeReq.proto和SubscribeResp.proto,数据定义格式如下:

SubscribeResp.proto

option java_package="com.nio.serlizable";
option java_outer_classname="SubscribeRespProto";

message SubscribeResp{
		required int32 subReqId = 1;
		required int32 respCode = 2;
		required string desc = 3;		
}
SubscribeReq.proto

option java_package="com.nio.serlizable";
option java_outer_classname="SubscribeReqProto";

message SubscribeReq{
		required int32 subReqId = 1;
		required string userName = 2;
		required string productName = 3;
		repeated string address = 4;
}


3、通过protoc.exe命令生成java代码,命令行如图所示:


4、将生成的的POJO代码SubscribeReqProto.java和SubscribeRespProto.java复制到对应的IDEA14 项目当中。

5、到此,我们已经完成对google protobuf 开发环境搭建工作,我们接下来通过一个简单的Demo 来了解Protobuf 类库使用。

package com.nio.protobuf;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by vixuan-008 on 2015/6/24.
 */
public class TestSubscribeReq {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq req=createSubscribeReq();
        System.out.println("Before encode:"+req.toString());

        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq result=decode(encode(req));
        System.out.println("decode cotent is:"+result.toString());
    }
    private static byte[] encode(SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq req){
            return req.toByteArray();
    }
    private static  SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq decode(byte[] body) throws Exception{
        return SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.parseFrom(body);
    }

    private static SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq createSubscribeReq(){
        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.Builder builder= SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.newBuilder();
        builder.setSubReqId(1);
        builder.setUserName("zhouzhigang");
        builder.setProductName("Netty Book");
        List<String> address=new ArrayList<String>();
        address.add("湖南长沙");
        address.add("湖南株洲");
        address.add("湖南湘潭");
        builder.addAllAddress(address);
        return builder.build();

    }
}

首先我们看如何创建 SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq的实例,通过SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq的静态方法newBuilder创建SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq的Builder实例,通过Builder构造器对SubscribeReq的属性进行相关设置,对于集合类型,通过addAllXXX()方法可以将集合对象添加到对象属性当中。

编码通过调用SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq实例的toByteArray方法,即可将SubscribeReq对象编码为byte数组,使用非常方便。

解码通过调用SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq的静态方法parseFrom将二进制数组解码为原始数据对象。


6、Protobuf 测试程序效果截图:



第二节:开发支持Protobuf 的Netty 服务端

SubRespProServer.java源代码(Handler 存在问题可能需要修改)

package com.nio.server;

import com.nio.handler.SubRespProHandler;
import com.nio.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;

/**
 * Created by vixuan-008 on 2015/6/24.
 */
public class SubRespProServer {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws  Exception{
        int port=15444;
        new SubRespProServer().bind(port);

    }

    public void bind(int port)throws Exception{
        //配置服务端的NIO线程池
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workGroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try{
            ServerBootstrap b=new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workGroup);
            b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
            b.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100);
            b.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
            b.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                   socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder());
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.getDefaultInstance()));
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender());
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder());
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new SubRespProHandler());

                }
            });
            //绑定端口,等待同步成功
            ChannelFuture f=b.bind(port).sync();
            //等待服务端关闭监听端口
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }finally {
            //释放线程池资源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workGroup.shutdownGracefully();

        }


    }
}
package com.nio.handler;

import com.nio.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;
import com.nio.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

/**
 * Created by vixuan-008 on 2015/6/24.
 */
public class SubRespProHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
       ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        super.channelActive(ctx);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq req=(SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq)msg;
        System.out.println("server receiver client message is:"+req.toString());
        ctx.writeAndFlush(resp(req.getSubReqId()));
    }

    private SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp resp(int subReqId)throws Exception{
        SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp.Builder resp= SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp.newBuilder();
        resp.setSubReqId(subReqId);
        resp.setRespCode(0);
        resp.setDesc("Netty Book order succeed 3 day later,sent to the designated adderss");
        return resp.build();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        super.channelReadComplete(ctx);
    }
}

第三节: 开发支持Protobuf 的Netty 客户端

package com.nio.client;

import com.nio.handler.SubReqProHandler;
import com.nio.handler.SubReqServerHandler;
import com.nio.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ClassResolvers;
import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder;

/**
 * Created by vixuan-008 on 2015/6/24.
 */
public class SubReqProClient {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
        int port=15444;
        new SubReqProClient().bind(port, "127.0.0.1");
    }

    public void bind(int port,String host)throws Exception{
        //配置客户端NIO线程池
        EventLoopGroup workGroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try{
            io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap b=new io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap();
            b.group(workGroup);
            b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
            b.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY,true);
            b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder());
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp.getDefaultInstance()));
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender());
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder());
                    socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new SubReqProHandler());
                }
            });
            //发起异步连接操作
            ChannelFuture f=b.connect(host,port).sync();
            //等待客户端链路关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }finally {
            //释放NIO 线程组
            workGroup.shutdownGracefully();

        }


    }
}
package com.nio.handler;

import com.nio.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;
import com.nio.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by vixuan-008 on 2015/6/24.
 */
public class SubReqProHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
      ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            ctx.write(subReq(i));
        }
        ctx.flush();
    }

    private SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq subReq(int i){
        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.Builder req=SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.newBuilder();
       req.setProductName("Netty Book");
        req.setUserName("zhouzhigang");
        req.setSubReqId(i);
      List<String> address=new ArrayList<String>();
        address.add("china");
        address.add("usa");
        address.add("france");
        req.addAllAddress(address);
        return req.build();




    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
       System.out.println("Receiver server message is:"+msg);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();
    }
}


第四节: 运行基于Netty 开发的Protobuf 应用

服务端截图:



Protobuf 使用注意事项:

1、ProtobufDecoder仅仅负责解码,它不支持读半包。因此,在ProtobufDecode前面,一定要有能够处理读半包的解码器,有三种方式可以选择.

使用Netty提供的ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder,它可以处理半包消息:

集成Netty提供的通用半包解码器LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;

继承ByteMessageDecoder类,自己处理半包消息。

如果你只使用ProtobufDecoder解码器而忽视对半包消息处理,程序是不能正常运行的。今天的学习就到这里

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