运用RSA算法在.Net与Java应用之间实现接口数据对接

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前言

    RSA算法是一种非对称加密算法,由罗纳德·李维斯特(Ron Rivest)、阿迪·萨莫尔(Adi Shamir)和伦纳德·阿德曼(Leonard Adleman)在1977年共同提出。这种算法以其安全性高、应用广泛而著称,被广泛应用于数据加密、数字签名和密钥交换等领域。RSA属于非对称加密,性能相对于对称加密要差很多,所以RSA在加密领域也主要是对一些简短的数据进行加密。因为.Net与Java在实现RSA加解密方面还是存在一些差异,使用过程中也是遇到了很多坑,以下纯属个人经验分享,全程无废话。。


一、.Net RSA

1.依赖包

    需要在Nuget上下载以下依赖包

在这里插入图片描述

2.RSA工具类

 /// <summary>
 /// RAS 算法工具类 tianpeng.zhu
 /// </summary>
 public static class RSAUtil
 {

     /// <summary>
     /// 生成RSA私钥 公钥
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="privateKey"></param>
     /// <param name="publicKey"></param>
     public static void RSAGenerateKey(ref string privateKey, ref string publicKey)
     {
         RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
         privateKey = rsa.ToXmlString(true);
         publicKey = rsa.ToXmlString(false);
     }

     /// <summary>
     /// 用RSA公钥 加密
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="data"></param>
     /// <param name="publicKey"></param>
     /// <returns></returns>
     public static byte[] RSAEncrypt(string data, string publicKey)
     {
         RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
         rsa.FromXmlString(publicKey);
         byte[] encryptData = rsa.Encrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(data), false);
         return encryptData;
     }

     /// <summary>
     /// 用RSA私钥 解密
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="data"></param>
     /// <param name="privateKey"></param>
     /// <returns></returns>
     public static byte[] RSADecrypt(string data, string privateKey)
     {
         RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
         rsa.FromXmlString(privateKey);
         byte[] decryptData = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(data), false);
         return decryptData;
     }


 }

    上述代码主要是用于生成RSA密钥对,RSA对数据加密和解密

3.与Java应用对接工具

public class RSAKeyConvert
    {
        /// <summary>  
        /// RSA私钥格式转换,java->.net  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="privateKey">java生成的RSA私钥</param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static string RSAPrivateKeyJava2DotNet(string privateKey)
        {
            var data = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey);
            RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKeyParam = (RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters)PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey));

            return string.Format("<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>{0}</Modulus><Exponent>{1}</Exponent><P>{2}</P><Q>{3}</Q><DP>{4}</DP><DQ>{5}</DQ><InverseQ>{6}</InverseQ><D>{7}</D></RSAKeyValue>",
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(privateKeyParam.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()));
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// RSA私钥格式转换,.net->java  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="privateKey">.net生成的私钥</param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static string RSAPrivateKeyDotNet2Java(string privateKey)
        {
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml(privateKey);
            BigInteger m = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("Modulus")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger exp = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("Exponent")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger d = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("D")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger p = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("P")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger q = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("Q")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger dp = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("DP")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger dq = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("DQ")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger qinv = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("InverseQ")[0].InnerText));

            RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKeyParam = new RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters(m, exp, d, p, q, dp, dq, qinv);

            PrivateKeyInfo privateKeyInfo = PrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreatePrivateKeyInfo(privateKeyParam);
            byte[] serializedPrivateBytes = privateKeyInfo.ToAsn1Object().GetEncoded();
            return Convert.ToBase64String(serializedPrivateBytes);
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// RSA公钥格式转换,java->.net  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="publicKey">java生成的公钥</param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static string RSAPublicKeyJava2DotNet(string publicKey)
        {
            RsaKeyParameters publicKeyParam = (RsaKeyParameters)PublicKeyFactory.CreateKey(Convert.FromBase64String(publicKey));
            return string.Format("<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>{0}</Modulus><Exponent>{1}</Exponent></RSAKeyValue>",
                Convert.ToBase64String(publicKeyParam.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned()),
                Convert.ToBase64String(publicKeyParam.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()));
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// RSA公钥格式转换,.net->java  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="publicKey">.net生成的公钥</param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static string RSAPublicKeyDotNet2Java(string publicKey)
        {
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml(publicKey);
            BigInteger m = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("Modulus")[0].InnerText));
            BigInteger p = new BigInteger(1, Convert.FromBase64String(doc.DocumentElement.GetElementsByTagName("Exponent")[0].InnerText));
            RsaKeyParameters pub = new RsaKeyParameters(false, m, p);

            SubjectPublicKeyInfo publicKeyInfo = SubjectPublicKeyInfoFactory.CreateSubjectPublicKeyInfo(pub);
            byte[] serializedPublicBytes = publicKeyInfo.ToAsn1Object().GetDerEncoded();
            return Convert.ToBase64String(serializedPublicBytes);
        }
    }

​    Java生成的RSA密钥比.Net多了一些描述,所以在使用对方给的密码,都需要单独处理一下。

二、Java RSA实现

@Slf4j
public class RSAUtil {

    public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";

    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";

    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

    // 1024 bits 的 RSA 密钥对,最大加密明文大小
    private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;

    // 1024 bits 的 RSA 密钥对,最大解密密文大小
    private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;

    // 生成密钥对
    public static Map<String, Object> initKey(int keysize) throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        // 设置密钥对的 bit 数,越大越安全
        keyPairGen.initialize(keysize);
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();

        // 获取公钥
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        // 获取私钥
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<>(2);
        keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
        keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
        return keyMap;
    }

    // 获取公钥字符串
    public static String getPublicKeyStr(Map<String, Object> keyMap) {
        // 获得 map 中的公钥对象,转为 key 对象
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
        // 编码返回字符串
        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
    }

    // 获取私钥字符串
    public static String getPrivateKeyStr(Map<String, Object> keyMap) {
        // 获得 map 中的私钥对象,转为 key 对象
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
        // 编码返回字符串
        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
    }

    // 获取公钥
    public static PublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKeyString) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        byte[] publicKeyByte = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKeyString);
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyByte);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        return keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
    }

    // 获取私钥
    public static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKeyString) throws Exception {
        byte[] privateKeyByte = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKeyString);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyByte);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        return keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
    }

    /**
     * BASE64 编码返回加密字符串
     *
     * @param key 需要编码的字节数组
     * @return 编码后的字符串
     */
    public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) {
        return new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(key));
    }

    /**
     * BASE64 解码,返回字节数组
     *
     * @param key 待解码的字符串
     * @return 解码后的字节数组
     */
    public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) {
        return Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
    }

    /**
     * 公钥加密
     *
     * @param text         待加密的明文字符串
     * @param publicKeyStr 公钥
     * @return 加密后的密文
     */
    public static String encrypt1(String text, String publicKeyStr) {
        try {
            log.info("明文字符串为:[{}]", text);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, getPublicKey(publicKeyStr));
            byte[] tempBytes = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(tempBytes);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + text + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私钥解密
     *
     * @param secretText    待解密的密文字符串
     * @param privateKeyStr 私钥
     * @return 解密后的明文
     */
    public static String decrypt1(String secretText, String privateKeyStr) {
        try {
            // 生成私钥
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, getPrivateKey(privateKeyStr));
            // 密文解码
            byte[] secretTextDecoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(secretText.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            byte[] tempBytes = cipher.doFinal(secretTextDecoded);
            return new String(tempBytes);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + secretText + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }
}

    上述代码主要是实现生成RSA密钥对和RSA加解密。


总结

    在实际开发中,也是以某一端RSA密钥作为基准密钥,在所用应用中使用,上述是以Java应用为主,.Net负责进行相关密钥转换,然后进行数据加解密。

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