java 使用minio上传下载文件（完整版）

下面是一个完整的示例，展示如何使用 MinIO 上传和下载文件，并将文件信息存储到数据库中的 file 表。我们将使用 Spring Boot 框架来实现这个功能。

项目结构

src
├── main
│   ├── java
│   │   └── com
│   │       └── example
│   │           ├── controller
│   │           │   └── FileController.java
│   │           ├── service
│   │           │   ├── FileService.java
│   │           │   └── FileServiceImpl.java
│   │           ├── repository
│   │           │   └── FileRepository.java
│   │           ├── model
│   │           │   └── FileEntity.java
│   │           ├── config
│   │           │   └── MinioConfig.java
│   │           └── Application.java
│   └── resources
│       └── application.properties

1. 添加依赖

在 pom.xml 中添加必要的依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.minio</groupId>
        <artifactId>minio</artifactId>
        <version>8.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置 MinIO

在 application.properties 中添加 MinIO 配置信息：

minio.url=http://localhost:9000
minio.access-key=minioadmin
minio.secret-key=minioadmin
minio.bucket-name=mybucket

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect

3. 创建 MinioConfig

package com.example.config;

import io.minio.MinioClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class MinioConfig {

    @Value("${minio.url}")
    private String minioUrl;

    @Value("${minio.access-key}")
    private String minioAccessKey;

    @Value("${minio.secret-key}")
    private String minioSecretKey;

    @Bean
    public MinioClient minioClient() {
        return MinioClient.builder()
                .endpoint(minioUrl)
                .credentials(minioAccessKey, minioSecretKey)
                .build();
    }
}

4. 创建 FileEntity
 

package com.example.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class FileEntity {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    private String fileName;
    private String fileUrl;

    // Getters and Setters
}

5. 创建 FileRepository

package com.example.repository;

import com.example.model.FileEntity;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface FileRepository extends JpaRepository<FileEntity, Long> {
}

6. 创建 FileService

package com.example.service;

import com.example.model.FileEntity;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.IOException;

public interface FileService {
    FileEntity uploadFile(MultipartFile file) throws IOException;
    byte[] downloadFile(String fileName) throws Exception;
}

7. 创建 FileServiceImpl

package com.example.service;

import com.example.model.FileEntity;
import com.example.repository.FileRepository;
import io.minio.MinioClient;
import io.minio.errors.MinioException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

@Service
public class FileServiceImpl implements FileService {

    @Autowired
    private MinioClient minioClient;

    @Autowired
    private FileRepository fileRepository;

    @Value("${minio.bucket-name}")
    private String bucketName;

    @Override
    public FileEntity uploadFile(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
        try {
            minioClient.putObject(
                    bucketName,
                    fileName,
                    file.getInputStream(),
                    file.getContentType()
            );
            String fileUrl = minioClient.getObjectUrl(bucketName, fileName);

            FileEntity fileEntity = new FileEntity();
            fileEntity.setFileName(fileName);
            fileEntity.setFileUrl(fileUrl);

            return fileRepository.save(fileEntity);
        } catch (MinioException e) {
            throw new IOException("Error occurred while uploading file to MinIO", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] downloadFile(String fileName) throws Exception {
        try (InputStream stream = minioClient.getObject(bucketName, fileName);
             ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int length;
            while ((length = stream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(buffer, 0, length);
            }
            return outputStream.toByteArray();
        } catch (MinioException e) {
            throw new Exception("Error occurred while downloading file from MinIO", e);
        }
    }
}

8. 创建 FileController

package com.example.controller;

import com.example.model.FileEntity;
import com.example.service.FileService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.IOException;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/files")
public class FileController {

    @Autowired
    private FileService fileService;

    @PostMapping("/upload")
    public ResponseEntity<FileEntity> uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        FileEntity fileEntity = fileService.uploadFile(file);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(fileEntity);
    }

    @GetMapping("/download/{fileName}")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> downloadFile(@PathVariable String fileName) throws Exception {
        byte[] data = fileService.downloadFile(fileName);
        return ResponseEntity.ok()
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
                .header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"")
                .body(data);
    }
}

9. 主应用程序类

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

总结

通过上述步骤，我们创建了一个完整的 Spring Boot 应用程序，它使用 MinIO 上传和下载文件，并将文件信息存储到数据库中的 file 表。你可以通过 /files/upload 接口上传文件，通过 /files/download/{fileName} 接口下载文件。