smart pointer

Following examples of book <The C++ Standard Template Library: a Tutorial and Reference>.

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<memory>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    shared_ptr<string> pNico(new string("nico"));
    shared_ptr<string> pJutta(new string("jutta"));

    (*pNico)[0] = 'N';
    pJutta->replace(0, 1, "J");

    vector<shared_ptr<string>> whoMadeCoffee;
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pNico);
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pJutta);
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pJutta);
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pNico);

    auto itr = whoMadeCoffee.begin();
    cout << "Before change: " << endl;
    while(itr!=whoMadeCoffee.end()){
        cout << **itr << endl;
        itr++;
    }

    *pNico = "Nicolai";
    itr = whoMadeCoffee.begin();
    cout << "After change: " << endl;
    while(itr!=whoMadeCoffee.end()){
        cout << **itr << endl;
        itr++;
    }
    
    cout << "use_cont: " << whoMadeCoffee[0].use_count() << endl;

    return 0;
}

Use user defined destructor.

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<memory>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    shared_ptr<string> pNico(new string("nico"), [](string* p){cout<<"delete "<<*p<<endl; delete p;});
    shared_ptr<string> pJutta(new string("jutta"));

    (*pNico)[0] = 'N';
    pJutta->replace(0, 1, "J");

    vector<shared_ptr<string>> whoMadeCoffee;
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pJutta);
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pJutta);
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pNico);
    whoMadeCoffee.push_back(pNico);

    auto itr = whoMadeCoffee.begin();
    cout << "Before change: " << endl;
    while(itr!=whoMadeCoffee.end()){
        cout << **itr << endl;
        itr++;
    }

    *pNico = "Nicolai";
    itr = whoMadeCoffee.begin();
    cout << "After change: " << endl;
    while(itr!=whoMadeCoffee.end()){
        cout << **itr << endl;
        itr++;
    }

    cout << "use_cont: " << whoMadeCoffee[0].use_count() << endl;
    whoMadeCoffee.resize(2);
    pNico = nullptr;

    return 0;
}

When deal with array, since the default deleter provided by shared_ptr calls delete, not delete[].  This means that the default deleter is appropriate only if a shared pointer owns a single object created with new.  If you use new[] to create an array of objects you have to define your own deleter. You can do that by passing a function, function object, or lambda, which calls delete[ ] for the passed ordinary pointer.

std::shared_ptr<int> p(new int[10], [](int* p){delete[] p;});