C++ 11实现类似C#的属性语法

C#语言引入了属性的概念，可以在属性set时做一些验证。
本例使用C++11的std::function和lambda表达式模拟C#的属性，使用std::function存储验证函数，使用lambda表达式构造验证函数。(本例的思想是使用代理模式实现属性代理)
重点关注Property2模板类即可。这是作者在原有代码上的扩展。
代码结构如下，
test/CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)

if(APPLE)
  message(STATUS "This is Apple, do nothing.")
  set(CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH 1)
  set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /Users/aabjfzhu/software/vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-osx/share )
elseif(UNIX)
  message(STATUS "This is linux, set CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH.")
  set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-linux/share)
endif(APPLE)

project(property_proxy)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-narrowing")

add_definitions(-g)

find_package(ZLIB)

find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED )
find_package(Arrow CONFIG REQUIRED)

find_package(unofficial-brotli REQUIRED)
find_package(unofficial-utf8proc CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(Thrift CONFIG REQUIRED)

find_package(glog REQUIRED)

find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)

find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS
  system
  filesystem
  serialization
  program_options
  thread
  )

find_package(DataFrame REQUIRED)

if(APPLE)
  MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set INCLUDE_DIRS")
set(INCLUDE_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/include /usr/local/iODBC/include /opt/snowflake/snowflakeodbc/include/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include)
elseif(UNIX)
  MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set INCLUDE_DIRS")
  set(INCLUDE_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/include ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/)
endif(APPLE)


if(APPLE)
  MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set LINK_DIRS")
  set(LINK_DIRS /usr/local/lib /usr/local/iODBC/lib /opt/snowflake/snowflakeodbc/lib/universal)
elseif(UNIX)
  MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set LINK_DIRS")
  set(LINK_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/lib /vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-linux/lib)
endif(APPLE)

if(APPLE)
  MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set ODBC_LIBS")
  set(ODBC_LIBS iodbc iodbcinst)
elseif(UNIX)
  MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set LINK_DIRS")
  set(ODBC_LIBS odbc odbcinst ltdl)
endif(APPLE)

include_directories(${INCLUDE_DIRS})
LINK_DIRECTORIES(${LINK_DIRS})

file( GLOB test_file_list ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.cpp) 

file( GLOB APP_SOURCES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/*.h ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/arr_/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/http/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/yaml/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/df/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/death_handler/impl/*.cpp)

add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib SHARED ${APP_SOURCES} ${test_file})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ZLIB::ZLIB glog::glog DataFrame::DataFrame ${OpenCV_LIBS})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto libgtest.a pystring libyaml-cpp.a libgmock.a ${ODBC_LIBS} libnanodbc.a pthread dl backtrace libzstd.a libbz2.a libsnappy.a re2::re2 parquet lz4 unofficial::brotli::brotlidec-static unofficial::brotli::brotlienc-static unofficial::brotli::brotlicommon-static utf8proc thrift::thrift  arrow arrow_dataset)

foreach( test_file ${test_file_list} )
  file(RELATIVE_PATH filename ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${test_file})
  string(REPLACE ".cpp" "" file ${filename})
  add_executable(${file}  ${test_file})
  target_link_libraries(${file} ${PROJECT_NAME}_lib)
endforeach( test_file ${test_file_list})

test/property_proxy_test.cpp

#include "death_handler/death_handler.h"
#include <glog/logging.h>
#include "property_proxy.hpp"

#include <utility>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>


int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  FLAGS_log_dir = "./";
  FLAGS_alsologtostderr = true;
  // 日志级别 INFO, WARNING, ERROR, FATAL 的值分别为0、1、2、3
  FLAGS_minloglevel = 0;

  Debug::DeathHandler dh;

  google::InitGoogleLogging("./logs.log");
  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  int ret = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
  return ret;
}

GTEST_TEST(PropertyProxyTests, PropertyProxy) {
  Creature c; 
  c.strength = 11;
  int x = c.agility;
  std::cout << "c.strength = " << c.strength << "\n";
  std::cout << "c.agility = " << x << "\n";
}

include/property_proxy.hpp

#ifndef _FREDRIC_PROPERTY_PROXY_HPP_
#define _FREDRIC_PROPERTY_PROXY_HPP_

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>

template <typename T>
struct Property {
   T value;

   Property(T value) {
       *this = value;
   }

   operator T() {
       return value;
   }

   T operator=(T new_value) {
       std::cout << "Assignment\n";
       return value = new_value;
   }
};



template <typename T>
struct Property2 {
   T value;
   std::function<bool(T)> func;

   Property2(T value, std::function<bool(T)> func_=nullptr): func{func_} {
       *this = value;
   }

   operator T() {
       return value;
   }

   T operator=(T new_value) {
       std::cout << "Assignment\n";
       if(nullptr == func || func(new_value)) {
           value = new_value;
       } else {
           std::cout << "validation failed, return source value\n";
       }
       return value;
   }
};

struct Creature {
   Property2<int> strength{10, [](int ele){
       return ele > 10 && ele <20;
   }};

   Property2<int> agility {5};
};

#endif

程序输出如下，