SpringCloud学习之服务注册和发现-Eureka

1.1、什么是Eureka

和Consul、Zookeeper类似,Eureka是一个用于服务注册和发现的组件,主要分为Eureka Server(服务注册中心)和Eureka Client(客户端,提供接口服务)。

1.2、Eureka的基本架构

     a、Register Service:服务注册中心,是一个Eureka Server,提供服务注册和发现功能;

     b、Provider Service:服务提供者,是一个Eureka Client,可以提供服务;

     c、Consumer Service:服务消费者,也是一个Eureka Client,服务消费者;

1.3、源码简单实现demo

demo将采用多个Spring Boot工程,使用Maven的多Module结构,项目结构如下:

eureka-memo工程中引入各个module共同需要的依赖,主Maven工程的pom文件代码(注意springboot版本和springcloud的版本兼容问题):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <groupId>com.hzlitai</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-memo</artifactId>
    <version>1.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <modules>
        <module>eureka-server</module>
        <module>eureka-client</module>
    </modules>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

创建一个命名为eureka-server的module,采用Spring Initializr的方式创建,并引入相关依赖,pom文件代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hzlitai</groupId>
        <artifactId>eureka-memo</artifactId>
        <version>1.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hzlitai</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-server</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

  在application.yml文件中增加配置信息,代码如下:

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

在EurekaServerApplication类中增加@EnableEurekaServer注解,支持EurekaServer

然后通过在浏览器访问:http://localhost:8761,如果显示Eureka Server的UI界面,即为成功。

 

和Server模块类似,建立Client模块,其中pom文件源码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hzlitai</groupId>
        <artifactId>eureka-memo</artifactId>
        <version>1.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hzlitai</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-client</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置yml文件:

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8764

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-client

最后增加eureka client注解:

启动客户端,客户端自动注册到注册中心,如下图所示:

最后可以写个Controller进行接口测试,代码如下:

@RestController
public class HiController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @GetMapping("/hi")
    public String home(@RequestParam String name){
        return "hi "+name+" ,I am from port:"+port;
    }
}

在浏览器访问:http://localhost:8764/hi?name-zhuheliang,则结果显示如下:

hi zhuheliang,I am from port:8764

 

 

2、构建高可用的Eureka Server集群

在项目中,实际上存在很多微服务实例,那么Server要承担非常高的负载,而Server必须保证要提供持续发服务,所以对Server进行高可用的集群处理。

在之前工程的基础上进行改造,修改eureka-server的配置文件application.yml,采用多profile格式进行配置,代码如下:

---
spring:
  profiles: peer1

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer1
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8763/eureka/,http://localhost:8762/eureka/

---
spring:
  profiles: peer2
server:
  port: 8762
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer2
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/,http://localhost:8763/eureka/


---
spring:
  profiles: peer3
server:
  port: 8763
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer3
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/,http://localhost:8761/eureka/

接下来使用idea启动server端的三个实例,配置如下:

进入配置页面进行配置:

启动三个实例后,最后启动客户端,访问:http://localhost:8761/http://localhost:8762、http://localhost:8763,三个节点的主界面均可显示client都已经注册成功。

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