Android 内容提供器

目录

1、访问其他程序中的数据

2、创建自己的内容提供器

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1、访问其他程序中的数据

以读取联系人为例，步骤如下

（1）检查是否有读取联系人权限

（2）调用ContentResolver.query方法获取Cursor，参数如下

其中参数URI被称为内容URI，它给内容提供器中的数据建立了唯一标识符，它主要由两部分组成：authority和path。authority是用于对不同的应用程序做区分的，一般为了避免冲突，都会采用程序包名的方式来进行命名。比如某个程序的包名是com.test.app，那么程序对应的authority可以命名为com.test.app.provider。path则是用于对同一应用程序不同的表做区分，比如某个程序有table1和table2，则URI就可以是com.test.app.provider/table1和com.test.app.provider/table2

（3） 解析cursor对象，获取数据

/**
     * 读取联系人
     */
    
private void contentProvider() {
        // (1) 检查权限
        // (2) 调用ContentResolver.query方法获取Cursor，参数如下
        // (3) 解析Cursor对象，读取数据
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(BroadCastActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BroadCastActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, 1);
        } else {
            readContact();
        }
    }

private void readContact() {
        // 联系人程序给我提供的URI是content://com.android.contacts/data/phones
        ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
        Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,null,null,null,null);
        if (cursor == null) {
            return;
        }
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME));
            String number = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
            System.out.println("name="+name+",number="+number);
        }
        cursor.close();
    }

2、创建自己的内容提供器

(1) 继承ContentProvider类，该类中提供了6个抽象方法，需要全部重写
     1、onCreate()
      初始化内容提供器时调用，通常会在这里完成对数据库的创建和升级操作，返回true表示初始化成功
     2、query(),insert(),update(),delete()
      分别是从内容提供器中查询，新增，更新，删除数据
     3、getType()
      根据传入的内容URI来返回相应的MIME类型，一个标准的URI是这样：content://com.test.app.provider/table1，表示期望访问com.test.app这个应用的table1表中的数据。除此之外，我们可以在这个URI内容后面加上一个id，比如：content://com.test.app.provider/table1/1，表示期望访问com.test.app这个应用的table1表中id为1的数据。
      内容URI主要就以上两种格式，一种是以路径结尾，一种以id结尾。那么以路径结尾的MIME类型可以写成vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.test.app.provider.table1，以id结尾的MIME类型可以写为：vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.test.app.provider.table1
 (2) 借助UriMatcher类实现匹配内容URI，UriMatcher中提供一个addURI()方法，该方法接收三个参数，可以分别把authority、path和一个自定义代码传进去

public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

    private SQLiteOpenHelper sqLiteOpenHelper;

    private static final UriMatcher uriMatcher;

    private static final int BOOK_DIR = 0;
    private static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1;
    private static final int CATEGORY_DIR = 2;
    private static final int CATEGORY_ITEM = 3;
    private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.hi.provider";

    static {
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book", BOOK_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book/#", BOOK_ITEM);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"category", CATEGORY_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"category/#", CATEGORY_ITEM);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        sqLiteOpenHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(), "BookDb.db", null, 2);
        return true;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String[] projection, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs, @Nullable String sortOrder) {
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = sqLiteOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("book", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("book", projection, "id = ?", new String[]{bookId},null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("Category", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("Category", projection, "id = ?", new String[]{categoryId},null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
        }
        return cursor;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) {
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd." + AUTHORITY +".book";
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd." + AUTHORITY +".book";
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd." + AUTHORITY +".category";
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd." + AUTHORITY +".category";
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues contentValues) {
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = sqLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        Uri uriReturn = null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                long bookId = sqLiteDatabase.insert("book", null, contentValues);
                uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/" + bookId);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                long categoryId = sqLiteDatabase.insert("category", null, contentValues);
                uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/category/" + categoryId);
                break;
        }
        return uriReturn;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = sqLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                return sqLiteDatabase.delete("book", selection, selectionArgs);
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                return sqLiteDatabase.delete("book", "id = ?", new String[]{bookId});
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                return sqLiteDatabase.delete("category", selection, selectionArgs);
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                return sqLiteDatabase.delete("category", "id = ?", new String[]{categoryId});
        }
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues contentValues, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = sqLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                return sqLiteDatabase.update("book", contentValues, selection, selectionArgs);
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                return sqLiteDatabase.update("book", contentValues,"id = ?", new String[]{bookId});
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                return sqLiteDatabase.update("category", contentValues,selection, selectionArgs);
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                return sqLiteDatabase.update("category", contentValues,"id = ?", new String[]{categoryId});
        }
        return 0;
    }
}