前言:之前也一直看到CAS的一些操作,知道CAS是一种乐观锁,通过比较和替换来更新值。今天在看ConcurrentHashMap的时候,发现里面涉及很多的CAS操作,于是有了本文,代码中都有注释。
public class TestCAS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Node node = new Node(4);
// boolean flag = node.casNext(null, new Node(5));
// System.out.println(flag + ", val = " + node.next.value);
Node[] nodes = new Node[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
nodes[i] = new Node(i + 10);
}
Node node = Node.get(nodes, 0);
System.out.println("node val = " + node.value); //输出 nodes[0] = 10;
Node expect = nodes[0];
Node update = new Node(23);
boolean res = Node.casTabAt(nodes, 0, expect, update);//比较nodes[0]和expect是否相等,如果相等则替换nodes[0]为update
System.out.println("res = " + res + ", nodes[0].val = " + nodes[0].value);//这里nodes[0]和expect相等,则替换nodes[0]为update,输出为23
}
private static class Node {
int value;
volatile Node next;
static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
static final long nextOffset;
private static final int ABASE;
private static final int ASHIFT;
public Node(int val) {
value = val;
}
static {
try {
UNSAFE = getUnsafe();
Class<?> k = Node.class;
nextOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(k.getDeclaredField("next")); //Node 对象的变量 next 内存地址
ABASE = UNSAFE.arrayBaseOffset(Node[].class);//可以获取数组第一个元素的偏移地址
//可以获取数组的转换因子,也就是数组中元素的增量地址。将arrayBaseOffset与arrayIndexScale配合使用, 可以定位数组中每个元素在内存中的位置
int scale = UNSAFE.arrayIndexScale(Node[].class);
System.out.println("ABASE = " + ABASE + ", scale = " + scale);
if ((scale & (scale - 1)) != 0)
throw new Error("array index scale not a power of two");
ASHIFT = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(scale);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new Error(e);
}
}
//利用 unsafe 来获取数组中对应index的值
public static Node get(Node[] tab, int index) {
return (Node) UNSAFE.getObject(tab, ((long) index << ASHIFT) + ABASE);
}
/**
* cas next 变量
*
* @param cmp
* @param val
* @return
*/
boolean casNext(Node cmp, Node val) {
/**
* compareAndSwapObject(Object obj, long offset, Object expect, Object update)
* obj 操作的对象
* offset 对象的地址偏移量
* expect offset 所保存的对象和 expect 比较,相等才更新对象的值为update
* update 更新的值
*/
return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, nextOffset, cmp, val);
}
static boolean casTabAt(Node[] tab, int index, Node expect, Node update) {
return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long) index << ASHIFT) + ABASE, expect, update);
}
/**
* 反射获取Unsafe的方法
* 获取了以后就可以愉快的使用CAS啦
*
* @return
*/
public static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
try {
Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
field.setAccessible(true);
return (Unsafe) field.get(null);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
}
}
欢迎指教!