mongodb修改器:
$inc 用来增加或减少已有的键的键值((只能为满足要求的数字)),或者在键不存在的时候创建一个键。{"$inc":{"k1":±数字}}
$set 1.修改器用来指定一个键值。如果这个键不存在,则创建他,2.修改内嵌文档.例:{"$set":{"k1.k11":"v11"}}
$unset 用于将键删除.{"$unset":{"k1":1}}
$push 数组修改器,如果指定的值已经存在,"$push"会想已有的数组末尾加入一个元素,要是没有就会创建一个新的数组。例:{"$push":{"k1":{"k11":"v11","k12":"v12"}}
$ne 如果一个值不在数组里面就把他加进去,如果在不添加。例:update({"k1":"v1","k2":{$ne:"v2n"}},{$push:{"k2":"v2n"}})
$addToSet 如果一个值不在数组里面就把他加进去,如果在不添加。可避免重复。例:update({"k1":v1},{$addToSet:{"k2":"v2n"}})
$each 和$addToSet修改结合起来用,可以一次添加多个不同的值。例:{"k1":v1},{$addToSet:{"k2":{$each:["v21","v22","v21"]}}}
$pop 从数组中删除元素,他可以从数组中的任何一端删除元素。例:{$pop:{key:1}} 从数组末尾删除一个元素.{$pop:{key:-1}} 从数组头部删除一个元素.
$pull 基于特定条件来删除元素。例:{$pull:{"k2":"v2n"}}
$ 数组的定位修改器.
update({"k1":"v1"},{$set:{"k2.number.k2n":"newDate"}})//k2为数组,number为数组第几个,0为第一个,
update({"k2.k2n":"k2n"},{$set:{"k2.$.k2m":"v2m"}})
详细解读:
1.$set修改器
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$set修改器用来指定一个键值,如果这个键不存在,则创建他。修改内嵌文档,对于内嵌文档在使用$set更新时,使用"."连接的方式
例一:
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("56fe7df8b322e3ff1dabf834"),
"name" : "joe",
"favorite book" : "war and pace"
}
> db.users.update({"name":"joe"},{"$set":{"favorite book":["cat's cardle","foundation trilogy","ender's game"]}})//添加键值对
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("56fe7df8b322e3ff1dabf834"),
"name" : "joe",
"favorite book" : [
"cat's cardle",
"foundation trilogy",
"ender's game"
]
}
例二:
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"author" : {
"name" : "joe",
"email" : "joe@example.com"
}
}
> db.blog.update({"author.name":"joe"},{"$set":{"author.name":"joe schmoe"}})//修改键值
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"author" : {
"name" : "joe schmoe",
"email" : "joe@example.com"
}
}
2.$inc修改器
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$inc其用来增加或减少已有的键的键值(键值必须是数字),或者在键不存在的时候创建一个键。
> db.games.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770a1394f533aa7535d46d4"),
"game" : "pinball",
"user" : "joe"
}
> db.games.update({"game":"pinball","user":"joe"},{"$inc":{"score":50}})//键值不存在时
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.games.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770a1394f533aa7535d46d4"),
"game" : "pinball",
"user" : "joe",
"score" : 50
}
> db.games.update({"game":"pinball","user":"joe"},{"$inc":{"score":50}})//增加
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.games.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770a1394f533aa7535d46d4"),
"game" : "pinball",
"user" : "joe",
"score" : 100
}
> db.games.update({"game":"pinball","user":"joe"},{"$inc":{"score":-20}})//减少
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.games.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770a1394f533aa7535d46d4"),
"game" : "pinball",
"user" : "joe",
"score" : 80
}
3.$unset修改器
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$unset修改器将键删除
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("56fe7df8b322e3ff1dabf834"),
"name" : "joe",
"age" : 30,
"favorite book" : [
"cat's cardle",
"foundation trilogy",
"ender's game"
]
}
> db.users.update({"name":"joe"},{"$unset":{"favorite book":1}})//删除键为:favorite book的键值对
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("56fe7df8b322e3ff1dabf834"),
"name" : "joe",
"age" : 30,
}
数组修改器:
1.$push修改器
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$push修改器如果指定的值已经存在,"$push"会想已有的数组末尾加入一个元素,要是没有就会创建一个新的数组。
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post"
}
> db.blog.update({"title":"a blog post"},{"$push":{"comments":{"name":"joe","email":"joe@example.com","content":"nice post"}}})//键值对不存在
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"comments" : [
{
"name" : "joe",
"email" : "joe@example.com",
"content" : "nice post"
}
]
}
> db.blog.update({"title":"a blog post"},{"$push":{"comments":{"name":"bob","email":"bob@example.com","content":"good post"}}})//键值存在,在已有数组下添加元素
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"comments" : [
{
"name" : "joe",
"email" : "joe@example.com",
"content" : "nice post"
},
{
"name" : "bob",
"email" : "bob@example.com",
"content" : "good post"
}
]
}
2.数组修改器 $ne
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在查询文档中,如果一个值不在数组里面就把他加进去,如果在不添加。
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"name":"joe","emails":{$ne:"joe@gmail.com"}},{$push:{"emails":"joe@gmail.com"}})//值在数组里面,没有改变
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) --nMatched为0表示没有修改
> db.users.update({"name":"joe","emails":{$ne:"joe@itpub.com"}},{$push:{"emails":"joe@itpub.com"}})//值不在数组里面,添加
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com"
]
}
3.数组修改器 $addToSet
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实现的功能与$ne修改器相同,且更为方便。使用$addToSet修改器可以避免重复。
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"_id":ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08")},{$addToSet:{"emails":"joe@gmail.com"}})--原文档里已有"joe@gmail.com",修改完也没有产生重复值
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"_id":ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08")},{$addToSet:{"emails":"joe@163.com"}})--不存在添加成功
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com"
]
}
4.数组修改器 $each
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$each数组修改器要和$addToSet修改结合起来用,可以一次添加多个不同的值。例如上面的例子中,我们一次添加多个email值。
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"_id":ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08")},{$addToSet:{"emails":{$each:["joe@example.com","joe@python.com","joe@php.com"]}}})--为数组添加多个键值
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com",
"joe@python.com",
"joe@php.com"
]
}
5.数组修改器 $pop
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$pop修改器从数组中删除元素,可以从数组中的任何一端删除元素,
{$pop:{key:1}} 从数组末尾删除一个元素
{$pop:{key:-1}} 从数组头部删除一个元素
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com",
"joe@python.com",
"joe@php.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"name":"joe"},{$pop:{"emails":1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@example.com",
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com",
"joe@python.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"name":"joe"},{$pop:{"emails":-1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com",
"joe@python.com"
]
}
6.数组修改器 $pull
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用来删除数组中的元素,pull可以按特定条件来删除元素,会将所有匹配到的数据全部删掉。但是删除条件只能有一个
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com",
"joe@python.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"name":"joe"},{$pull:{"emails":["joe@163.com","joe@itpub.com"]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })--好像不能一次删除多个,没有起作用
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@itpub.com",
"joe@163.com",
"joe@python.com"
]
}
> db.users.update({"name":"joe"},{$pull:{"emails":"joe@163.com"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.update({"name":"joe"},{$pull:{"emails":"joe@itpub.com"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5770ca42e90c1adc80040a08"),
"name" : "joe",
"emails" : [
"joe@gmail.com",
"joe@yahoo.com",
"joe@python.com"
]
}
7.数组的定位修改器 $
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若是数组有多个值,而我们只想对其中一部分进行操作,mongodb提供了定位操作符"$",用来定位查询文档已经匹配的元素,并进行更新,定位符只更新第一个匹配的元素。
方法一:使用数组下标
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"comments" : [
{
"name" : "joe",
"email" : "joe@example.com",
"content" : "nice post"
},
{
"name" : "bob",
"email" : "bob@example.com",
"content" : "good post"
}
]
}
> db.blog.update({"title":"a blog post"},{$set:{"comments.1.name":"livan"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"comments" : [
{
"name" : "joe",
"email" : "joe@example.com",
"content" : "nice post"
},
{
"name" : "livan",
"email" : "bob@example.com",
"content" : "good post"
}
]
}
--方法二:使用$
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"comments" : [
{
"name" : "joe",
"email" : "joe@example.com",
"content" : "nice post"
},
{
"name" : "livan",
"email" : "livan@example.com",
"content" : "good post"
}
]
}
> db.blog.update({"comments.name":"livan"},{$set:{"comments.$.email":"bob@example.com"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.blog.update({"comments.name":"livan"},{$set:{"comments.$.name":"bob"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.blog.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("57709da84f533aa7535d46d3"),
"title" : "a blog post",
"comments" : [
{
"name" : "joe",
"email" : "joe@example.com",
"content" : "nice post"
},
{
"name" : "bob",
"email" : "bob@example.com",
"content" : "good post"
}
]
}